Levinstein

While plasma deposits are widely used, especially in the American aero industry to provide wear resistance, there is not at the moment any great demand for the exotic materials deposited to be used as a protection against corrosion. However, M. A. Levinstein of General Electric (USA) reports the successful use of sprayed chromium carbide as a protection for ventilator blades operating in corrosive conditions. 

HD in the body is very slow, and repeated exposures produce a cumulative effect. Its toxic hazard is high for inhalation, ingestion, and skin and eye absorption, but the most common acute hazard is from liquid contact with eyes or skin. Agent HD is distilled H, it has been purified by washing and vacuum distillation to reduce sulfur impurities. Agent H is a mixture of 70% bis-(2-chloroethyl) sulfide and 30% sulfur impurities produced by unstable Levinstein process. 

Abb. 27. Leitfahigkeit von Pb —Te-Schichten als Funktion der Temperatur. Parameter Anzahl der angewendeten. Sauerstoffimpulse (nach Levinstein und Bode). 

Sehr ausfiihrliche Untersuchnngen sind von H. Levinstein u. Mit-arb. (8) fiber den EinfluB der Sauerstoffadsorption auf die elektrischen... 

Abb. 28. Leitfahigkeit von Pb—Te-Schichten fiir verschiedene Temperaturen als Function der AnzahJ eingelassener Sauerstoff Impulse (nach Levinstein und Bode). 

Sauerstoffimpulse (nach Levinstein und Bode). Levinstein und Bode). 

Abb. 50. Spektrale Durchlassigkeitsverteilung eines Pb—Te-Filmes bei verschiedenen Temperaturen und verschiedenen Sauerstoffbeladungen (nach Lasser und Levinstein),... 

Bode, E., and H. Levinstein Effect of oxygen on the electric properties... 

Levinstein A process for making mustard gas, (C1CH2CH2)2S, by reacting sulfur monochloride with ethylene ... 

Chemical Agent H Levinstein mustard (CAS 471-03-4) is a mixture of 70 percent bis (2-chloroethyl) sulfide and 30 percent sulfur impurities produced by the Levinstein process and is a blister agent. 

H is reasonably safe to handle if kept cold, but anything coming into contact with the liquid or its vapors should be washed thproughly with a bleach solution. H may be prepared in two ways - by adding hydrochloric acid to thiodiglycol or by bubbling ethylene gas through liquid sulfur dichloride (Levinstein process). The latter is the route we will take. While a simple process, the manufacture of H is extremely hazardous due both to the nature of the sulfur... 

H mustard Levinstein mustard mixture of 70 percent bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide and 30 percent sulfur impurities... 

Ivan Levinstein, Observations and Suggestions on the Present Position of the British Chemical Industries, with Special Reference to Coal-Tar Derivatives, J. Soc. Chem. Ind. 5, 351-359 and 414 (1886). 

Several systems of manufacture were proposed and actually employed during the war for the preparation of dichloroethyl sulphide by this process. The most successful procedure in practice was that of Levinstein which was first used in America and then later by the Allies. 

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