Bis-2-chloroethyl sulfide

Numerous organic reactions of sulfur monochloride are of practical and commercial importance. Of particular importance is the reaction of sulfur monochloride with olefins to yield various types of addition products (142). With ethylene, the severe vesicant bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide [505-60-2] (mustard gas) forms with elemental sulfur and polysulfides (see Chemicals IN war). Propylene reacts similarly ... 

Mustard and Related Vesicants. Mustard, bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide [505-60-2] (Chemical Agent Symbol HD), C1(CH2)2S(CH2)2C1, is a colodess, oily hquid when pure. Most samples have a characteristic garliclike odor. It is primarily a vesicant bUsters are formed by either Hquid or vapor contact. Mustard also attacks the eyes and lungs and is a systemic poison, so that protection of the entire body must be provided. It is insidious in its action there is no pain at the time of exposure, and symptoms usually do not appear until several hours after exposure. 

HD in the body is very slow, and repeated exposures produce a cumulative effect. Its toxic hazard is high for inhalation, ingestion, and skin and eye absorption, but the most common acute hazard is from liquid contact with eyes or skin. Agent HD is distilled H, it has been purified by washing and vacuum distillation to reduce sulfur impurities. Agent H is a mixture of 70% bis-(2-chloroethyl) sulfide and 30% sulfur impurities produced by unstable Levinstein process. 

Chemical Agent H Levinstein mustard (CAS 471-03-4) is a mixture of 70 percent bis (2-chloroethyl) sulfide and 30 percent sulfur impurities produced by the Levinstein process and is a blister agent. 

HPLC High-performance liquid chromatography HT Distilled mustard combined with bis(2-chloroethyl sulfide) monoxide IDLH Immediately dangerous to life or health kg Kilogram... 

Mixes distilled mustard (HD) combined with lewisite (L) and distilled mustard (HD) combined with bis (2-chloroethyl sulfide) monoxide (T)... 

The blister agents are labeled H, HD, and HT. The active ingredient, mustard, in all these blister agents is bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide, (C1CH2CH2)2S. HD, called distilled mustard, is nominally pure mustard. H, often called Levenstein mustard, is approximately 70 percent mustard and 30 per cent impurities, which tend to be poly sulfides such as (ClCH2CH2)2Sn, where n > 2. HT contains 67 per cent mustard and 22 percent T, (C1CH2CH2SCH2CH2)20, and minor components. 

MUSTARD Bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide Vesicant — Chemical Blister Agent 100 mg/ Kg (skin) 1500 mg-min/M3 (air) A blister agent which causes painfiil bhst-ers, and attacks the mucous membranes. 

Synonyms Sulfur mustard bis-2-chloroethyl sulfide di-2-chloroethyl sulfide l,l-thiobis(2-chloroethane) chemical agent symbol HD... 

Mustard gas (H)—also known as yellow cross, yperite, sulfur mustard, Schwefellost, bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide, and dichlor-diethylsulfide—is a chemical-warfare agent with both vesicant and systemic effects. H is colorless and almost odorless and is an oily liquid at 14-215°C with a molecular weight of 159.08. Except in extremely cold weather, the low vapor pressure (0.072 mm Hg at 20°C) and low volatility of H are sufficient to make contaminated surfaces a source of danger to anyone nearby. H is slightly soluble... 

Among the most biologically reactive alkylating agents are the nitrogen and sulfur "mustards" such as bis-(2-chloroethyl)sulfide. These toxic bifunctional compounds cause lethal crosslinking of DNA chains... 

H mustard Levinstein mustard mixture of 70 percent bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide and 30 percent sulfur impurities... 

HT vesicant mixture 60 percent bis (2-chloroethyl)sulfide and 40 percent bis[2(2-chloroethylthio)ethyl] ether... 

As part of a study to identify the degradation products of sulfur mustard, bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide, the behavior of various sulfonium salts towards electrospray ionization mass spectrometry has been investigated. Among the compounds studied was 3 -(2-chloroethyl)pentamethylene sulfonium tetrafluoroborate. The ion was readily detected at the 0.01 M level with no ion fragmentation <1997JMP1247>. 

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