Mustard-T Mixture

Mustard-T (HT) is a mixture of 60% HD with 40% T (Bis-[2(2-chloroeth-ylthio)elhyl] ether, (C1CH2CH2SCH2CH2)20). HT contains snUhr and chlorine similar to the HD structure. It is a yellowish liquid having an odor similar to that of HD. HT possesses a stronger blistering effect than HD. It is more stable and has a lower freezing point than HD. 

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Mustard-T mixture (HT) distilled mustard (HD) combined with bis (2-chloroethyl sulfide) monoxide (T)... 

Mustard-T mixture Liquid Incapacitation ID q = very low Delayed action not well known... 

Levinstein Mustard (H) Mustard-T mixture (HT) Mustard-Lewisite mixture (HL) Nitrogen Mustard (HN)... 

T is bis-(2-chloroethylthio)ethyl ether. It is a byproduct of certain methods of mustard manufacture, and is intentionally included in certain munitions to depress the freezing point of the mustard. T is also a vesicant the toxicology and the chemistry of T are quite similar to the corresponding properties of mustard. Mustard T accounts for 40% of HT mixture. 

Sulfur mustards (designated H [mustard], HD [distilled mustard], and HT [HD and T mixture]) do not present acute lethal hazards. Their principal effect is severe blistering of the skin and mucous membranes. Epidemiological evidence indicates a causal relationship between exposure to mustard agent at high concentrations and the development of chronic nonreversible respiratory disorders, such as chronic bronchitis and asthma, and ocular diseases, such as delayed recurrent keratitis and prolonged, intractable conjunctivitis (IOM, 1993). Sulfur mustard has been classified as a known human carcinogen based on evidence of in-... 

Sulfur mustard is a component of the H-series blister agents including undistilled sulfur mustard (H sulfur mustard with 20-30% impurities, also known as Levinstein mustard), distilled sulfur mustard (HD or HS 96% pure), a mustard-lewisite mixture (HL), and HD/agent T mixture (HT a mixture of HD and nonvolatile agent T), and an HD/agent Q mixture (HQ a mixture of HD and nonvolatile Agent Q (Agent Q is also known as sesquimustard). 

CWWG Chemical Weapons Working Group HT mustard agent T mixture... 

Facihty (Alabama) HT sulfur mustard, T-mustard mixture... 

The freezing point of sulfur mustard has been reduced in a number of ways to prevent the agent from solidifying in weapons in cold weather. In WWI, mustard was mixed with various solvents, e.g. carbon tetrachloride and benzene. In WWII, Britain produced it from thiodiglycol and hydrogen chloride as a 6 4 mixture with the oligomer T (Scheme 1.1), also known as O mustard. T has somewhat greater vesicant activity than sulfur mustard, is less volatile and more persistent. Other nations mixed mustard with lewisite, which also accelerated the onset of effects and increased the vapour hazard. 

The procedure by which mustard is manufactured can be modified to yield either a mixture of mustard and Q (HQ) or a mixture of mustard and T (HT). These mixtures have several advantages over mustard alone, unless the agent is used only for vapor effects. HQ and HT are both more toxic, more vesicant, more persistent, and have lower melting points than mustard alone. 

Releases of thiocyanate to soil result from anthropogenic and natural sources. Anthropogenic releases occur primarily from direct application in herbicidal formulations (e.g., amitrol-T, a mixture of ammonium thiocyanate and amino-1,2,4-triazole) and from disposal as byproducts from industrial processes. Nonanthropogenic sources include damaged or decaying tissues of plants from the family Brassica (e.g., mustard, rape) (Brown and Morra 1993). Thiocyanate has been detected in soil samples collected at 2 of the 8 hazardous waste sites, and in sediment samples at 3 of the 8 hazardous waste sites where thiocyanate has been detected in some medium (HazDat 1996). The HazDat information used includes data from both NPL and other Superfund sites. 

Agent HT is generally a mixture of 60% HD and 40% bis(2-chloroethylthioethyl)ether (T), although this ratio may vary. Agent HL is a mixture of sulfur mustard (HD) and lewisite (L) that was developed for cold weather or high-altitude use due to its lower freezing point. Sesqui mustard (Q) is l,2-bis(2-chloroethylthio) ethane and is considered a more potent vesicant than HD but its very low vapor pressure limits its effectiveness as a warfare agent,... 

Dachir, S., Fishbeine, E., Meshulam, Y., Sahar, R., Chapman, S., Amir, A., Kadar, T. (2004). Amelioration of sulfur mustard skin injury following a topical treatment with a mixture of a steroid and a NSAID. J. Appl. Toxicol. 24 107-13. 

Dawson, T.P. A memorandum report (1943) new compounds bis(B-Chloroethyhoethyl) ether (T) and its mixtures with Mustard (HT), TDMR 534, USA Chemical Research and Development Laboratories, Army Chemical Center, Maryland, January 1943, UNCLASSIFIED Report (ADB960651). 

HT A mixture of 60% HD and 40% T. T is a sulfur oxygen and chlorine compound similar to HD and is a clear yellowish liquid with a slight garlic or mustard like odor. Insoluble in water. 

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