Leukotrienes alveolar

At the cellular level, eosinophils, mast cells, alveolar macrophages, lymphocytes and neutrophils recruited to the airways of asthmatics produce a variety of inflammatory mediators, such as histamine, kinins, neuropeptides, and leukotrienes, which lead to airway smooth muscle constriction and obstruction of airflow, and the perpetuation of airway inflammation [20, 21]. An understanding of the inflammatory processes and the molecular pathways of these mediators has led to the development and widespread use of several pharmacologic agents that mitigate airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction. 

Brock, T. G., McGish, R. W. and Peters-Golden, M. Translocation and leukotriene synthetic capacity of nuclear 5-lipoxygenase in rat basophilic leukemia cells and alveolar macrophages. /. Biol. Chem. 270 21652-21658,1995. 

Alveolar macrophages release a number of inflammatory mediators, including PAF and leukotrienes B4, C4, and D4. Production of neutrophil chemotactic factor and eosinophil chemotactic factor furthers the inflammatory process. 

Garcia JGN, Griffith DE, Cohen AB, et al. 1989. Alveolar macrophages from patients with asbestos exposure release increased levels of leukotriene B4. Am Rev Respir Dis 139 1494-1501. 

The management of patients with ARDS is primarily supportive. Uncontrolled reports suggest that intravenous methylprednisolone in doses of 75 to 250 mg every 6 hours may improve survival in severely ill patients with refractory late ARDS. ° Ketoconazole reduced the progression to ARDS and increased survival in a small study of septic surgical patients, possibly as a result of its inhibitory effects on alveolar macrophage production of leukotriene B4 and thromboxane A2.S2... 

Brock, T. G., Y. J. Lee et al. 2005. Nuclear localization of leukotriene A4 hydrolase in type II alveolar epithelial cells in normal and fibrotic lung. Am J Phvsiol 1ms Cell Mol Phv/siol 289(2) L224-232. 

Martin, T. R., Pistorese, B. P., Chi, E. Y., Goodman, R. B., and Matthay, M. A. (1989) Effects of leukotriene B4 in the human lung. Recruitment of neutrophils into the alveolar spaces without a change in protein permeability. J. Clin. Invest. 84,1609-1619. 

On stimulation of rat alveolar macrophages with the calcium ionophore A-23187 (1 pM for 30 min), synthesis of leukotriene B4 increased with the degree of maturation, although it was diminished in the oldest subpopulation (Covin et al. 1998). This maturation-dependent upregulation was not explained by increases in arachidonic acid release but was associated with increased expression of 5-lipoxygenase protein as determined by immunoblot analysis. Whereas 5-lipoxygenase is primarily cyto-... 

Bailie, M. B., Standiford, T. J., Laichatk, L. L., Coffey, M. J., Strieter, R., and Peters-Golden, M. (1996). Leukotriene-defi-cient mice manifest enhanced lethality from Klebsiella pneumonia in association with decreased alveolar macrophage phagocytic and bactericidal activities. J. Immunol. 157, 5221-5224. 

Shamsuddin M, Hsueh W, Smith LJ. Production of leukotrienes and thromboxane by resident and activated rat alveolar macrophages—a possible role of protein kinase-C. J Lab Clin Med 1992 120 434-443. 

Shamsuddin M, Anderson J, Smith LJ. Differential regulation of leukotriene and platelet-activating factor synthesis in rat alveolar macrophages. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1995 12 697-704. 

Dubois CM, Bissonnette E, Rola-Pleszczynski M. Asbestos fibers and silica particles stimulate rat alveolar macrophages to release tumor necrosis factor. Autoregu-latory role of leukotriene B4. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989 139 1257-1264. 

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