Leucocyte chemotaxis

Hasten, W.S. and Shields, J.M. (1985). Neutrophil leucocyte chemotaxis a simplified assay for measuring polarizing response to chemotactic factors. J. Immunol. Meth. 81, 229-237. 

Teleost hsh, unlike any other known vertebrate group, contain multiple forms of the C3a anaphylatoxin as a result of the multiple isoforms of C3. All of these molecules are functionally active and play a prominent role in inducing oxygen free radical (superoxide) production from fish leucocytes. The C5a anaphylatoxin has also been characterized in fish, and as in mammals plays an important role in leucocyte chemotaxis and in triggering the respiratory burst of leucocytes (Sunyer et al., 2005). Interestingly, it has been shown that rainbow trout anaphylatoxins play an unexpected role in enhancing phagocytosis of particles (Li et al., 2004). 

Sheterline, P., Rickard, J. E. (1989). The cortical actin filament network of neutrophil leucocytes during phagocytosis and chemotaxis. In The Neutrophil Cellular Biochemistry and Physiology (Hallett, M. B., ed.), pp. 141-65, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla. 

The opioids modulate the immune system by effects on lymphocyte proliferation, antibody production, and chemotaxis. In addition, leucocytes migrate to the site of tissue injury and release opioid peptides, which in turn help counter inflammatory pain. However, natural killer cell cytolytic activity and lymphocyte proliferative responses to mitogens are usually inhibited by opioids. Although the mechanisms involved are complex, activation of central opioid receptors could... 

Inhibition of the chemotaxis of leucocytes toward starch granules by fine suspensions of Pmko (a peptido-glycolipid, chemically very similar to wax D of human strains) has been observed by Choucroun and coworkers, using different experimental conditions. Meier and Schar have found that the wax D of tubercle bacillus has almost no action on the migration of leucocytes. 

Allan, R.B. and Wilkinson, RC. (1978). A visual analysis of chemotactic and chem-kinetic locomotion of human neutrophil leucocytes. Exp. Cell Res. Ill, 191-203. Alt, W. (1980). Biased random walk models for chemotaxis and related diffusion approximations, y. Math. Biol. 9, 147-177. 

Ramsey, W.S. (1972). Analysis of individual leucocyte behavior during chemotaxis. Exp. Cell Res. 70, 129-139. 

Gillespie, M. N., Owasoyo, J. 0., Kojima, S., and Jay, M., 1987, Enhanced chemotaxis and superoxide anion production by polymorphonuclear leucocytes from nicotine-treated and smoke-exposed rats. Toxicology 45 45-52. 

The complement system is a potent mechanism for initiating and amplifying inflammation. The cleavage products C3a and C5a (anaphylatoxins) stimulate chemotaxis and activation of leucocytes. They are chemotactic for neutrophils and trigger degranulation of basophils and mast cells, thus liberating vaso-active substances (e.g. histamine). The net result is an increase in vascular permeability and emigration of neutrophils and monocytes from blood vessels. 

In the last few years, we have witnessed a great surge of evidence to indicate the biochemical importance of protein methylation in cellular regulation. Trimethylation of lysine residues of protein has been shown to provide a precursor for the biosynthesis of carnitine, which is an important acyl carrier in mitochondrial membrane (4). Protein carboxymethylation is strongly implicated in leucocyte (5,6) and bacterial chemotaxis (7-10),. as well as in neu-... 

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