Neutrophil leucocytes

Lackie, J.M. (1982). Aspects of the behavior of neutrophil leucocytes. In Cell Behavior (Bellairs, R., Curtis, A., Dunn, G., eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 

Sheterline, P., Rickard, J. E. (1989). The cortical actin filament network of neutrophil leucocytes during phagocytosis and chemotaxis. In The Neutrophil Cellular Biochemistry and Physiology (Hallett, M. B., ed.), pp. 141-65, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla. 

Lll. Lillie, R. D., and Burtner, H. J., Stable sudanophilia of human neutrophil leucocytes in relation to peroxidase and oxidase. J. Histochem. 1, 8 (1953). 

Neutrophil leucocytes respond to various stimulants by the production of extensive amounts of superoxide anion, the so-called respiratory burst. A sensor for neutrophils based on the stimulation by IgG adsorbed on a pyrolytic graphite electrode has been described by Green et al. (1984). The liberation of superoxide anion as detected within 3 min at the sensor was related to the number of neutrophil leucocytes. The absence of an oxidation current in the presence of superoxide dismutase proved the formation of superoxide anion. 

Allan, R.B. and Wilkinson, RC. (1978). A visual analysis of chemotactic and chem-kinetic locomotion of human neutrophil leucocytes. Exp. Cell Res. Ill, 191-203. Alt, W. (1980). Biased random walk models for chemotaxis and related diffusion approximations, y. Math. Biol. 9, 147-177. 

Hasten, W.S. and Shields, J.M. (1985). Neutrophil leucocyte chemotaxis a simplified assay for measuring polarizing response to chemotactic factors. J. Immunol. Meth. 81, 229-237. 

Shields, J.M. and Hasten, W.S. (1985). Behavior of neutrophil leucocytes in uniform concentrations of chemotactic factors contraction waves, cell polarity, and persistence./. Cell Set. 74, 75-93. 

Barth, P.G., Scholte, H.R., Berden, J.A. Van der Klei-Van Moorsel, J.M., Luyt-Houwen, I.E., Van t Veer-Korthof, E.T., Van der Marten, J.J. Sobotka-Plojhar, M.A. (1983) J. Neurol. Sci., 62, 327-355, An X-linked mitochondrial disease affecting cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle and neutrophil leucocytes. Bradford, M.M. (1976) Anal. Biochem., 72, 248-254, A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. 

Masson, P. L, Heremans, J. F., and Schonne, E. (1969) Lactoferrin, as iron-binding protein in neutrophilic leucocytes,... 

The neutrophils (also called polymorphonuclear leucocytes, PMNs), which are the professional phagocytes of the body. They constitute >70% of the total leucocyte population, remaining in the circulatory system for less than 48 hours before migrating into the tissues, in response to a suitable stimulus, where they phagocytose material. They possess receptors forFc and activated C3 which enhance their phagocytic ability (see later in chapter). 

Polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) employ a system comprising myeloperoxidase, hydrogen peroxide, and a halide factor to kill microorganisms and tumour cells. This process is sometimes loosely called the respiratory burst , which refers to the sudden rise in oxygen consumption by the phagocytosing neutrophils that is independent of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. 

Agranulocytosis A severe form of neutropenia where the number of neutrophils (the major type of leucocyte or white blood cell) is very low, so reducing an individual s ability to fight infection. It is a potentially serious side effect of the atypical antipsychotic clozapine. 

Recently in a study of long-term Li+ patients, the levels of neutrophils, helper T-cells, -lymphocytes, and NK cells were all significantly higher than normal, indicating that these, generally favorable, quantitative changes in leucocyte populations persist with Li+ therapy [207]. 

Newborn healthy infants vary in their total leukocyte counts from 9,000 to 30,000 per cu. mm., in neutrophils from 6,000 to 26,000, in eosinophils from 20 to 850, in basophils from 0 to 640, in lymphocytes from 2,000 to 11,000, and in monocytes from 400 to 3,100. In healthy adults the total leucocytes vary from 3,500 to 14,800, which may be distributed within the following ranges ... 

In polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL, neutrophils), secretory responses measured as vitamin B -binding protein release were inhibited by feverfew extract when the response was induced by the chemotactic peptide FMLP or arachidonic acid but not when the calcium ionophore A23187 was... 

LE cells are neutrophil polymorphs, which have phagocytosed the basophilic nuclear material of leucocytes, which has been altered by interaction with antinuclear antibodies. The development of ANA requires a lower intake of hydralazine and occurs more quickly in slow acetylators than in rapid acetylators, and rapid acetylators have significantly lower titers of ANA than slow acetylators. There is also a significant correlation between the cumulative dose of hydralazine and the development of ANA, but as indicated above, patients who develop LE do not have a significantly different cumulative intake of hydralazine from those patients who do not develop the syndrome. 

M. B. Furie, B. L. Nnprstek, and S. C Silverstein. Migration of neutrophils across monolayers of cultured endothelial cells an in vitro model for leucocyte extravasation. 3. Cell ScL 8 161-175 f19871. 

Collier A, Patrick AW, Hepburn DA, Bell D, Jackson M, Dawes J, et al. Leucocyte mobilization and release of neutrophil elastase following acute insulin-induced hypogly-caemia in normal humans. Diabet Med 1990 7 506-509. 

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