Lentinus edodes mushrooms

Sastre J, Ibanez MD, Lopez M, Lehrer SB Respiratory and immunological reactions among shiitake (Lentinus edodes) mushroom workers. Clin Exp Allergy 1990 20 13-19. 

Mushrooms have been investigated with especial reference to shiitake, Lentinus edodes, the flavorful fungus widely used in Chinese and Japanese dishes. While the umami taste is attributed to guanylic acid, lentinic acid 14 (Scheme 6) is converted to lenthionine, 1,2,3,5,6-pentathiacycloheptane 15, a compound with the characteristic shiitake flavor. This complex reaction requires a C-S lyase enzyme.30 Other important flavor compounds are 1,2,4,6-tetrathiacycloheptane 16 (Scheme 6) and 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexathiacycloheptane (not shown). 

The odorous principle, lenthionine, of the edible mushroom Shiitake lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing., has structure 64 it has been synthesized by condensation of sodium polysulfide with formaldehyde or methylene chloride.89... 

Besides respiratory allergies with hay-fever-like symptoms and asthma in atopic individuals, continuous occupational basidiospore exposure may result in hypersensitivity pneumonitis or extrinsic allergic alveolitis. The basidiomycetes Lentinus edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Merulius lacrymans have all been shown to cause hypersensitivity pneumonitis from occupational exposure [26-28]. Actinomycetes in the compost used to grow button mushroom... 

Chen, C. C., Ho, C. T. (1986). Identification of sulfiirous compounds of Shiitake Mushroom (Lentinus edodes, Lange Sing). J. Agric. Food Chem., 34, 830-833. 

The edible Shiitake mushrooms (Lentinus edodes) are another rich source of sulfur compounds, cyclic and noncyclic. Blending of the fresh mushrooms with water at pH = 7 followed by pentane extraction and GC/MS analysis of the extract showed Me2 S3 as one of the major constituents (besides various disulfanes). When the blending was carried out at pH = 9.0, at which enzymes have their maximum activity, additional S compounds like Mc2S4 and cyclic species (see below) were extracted and detected by GC/MS. This result clearly shows that the work-up procedure does influence the kind of products to be detected. 

Parkia speciosa (mimosaceae species) Lentinus edodes (Shiitake mushroom) ... 

Lentinus edodes (shiitake) is an edible mushroom that contains a polysaccharide, lentinan. Its use is occasionally associated with skin reactions (1,2). 

Lentinus edodes can cause an interstitial hypersensitivity pneumonitis called mushroom worker s lung, associated with IgG antibodies against shiitake spore antigens those who cultivate white button mushrooms Agaricus... 

Nakamura T, Kobayashi A. Toxikodermie durch den Speisepilz Shiitake Lentinus edodes). [Toxicodermia cause by the edible mushroom shiitake Lentinus edodes)] Hautarzt 1985 36(10) 591-3. 

Van Loon PC, Cox AL, Wuisman OP, Burgers SL, Van Griensven LJ. Mushroom worker s lung. Detection of antibodies against shii-take Lentinus edodes) spore antigens in shii-take workers J Occup Med 1992 34(11) 1097-101. 

Lentinan is an immunomodulating glucan that is extracted from the mushroom Lentinus edodes. It has been used in small numbers of patients with gastric cancers (1-3) and malignant effusions (4). It has also been used in HIV-positive patients (5) and to ameliorate impairment of natural killer cell activity after cardiopulmonary bypass (6). 

Figure 8. Shiitake (Lentinus edodes (Berk.) SingJ, the Japanese forest mushroom, is grown commercially on oak logs in Asia but can be grown on shredded wood-bark mixtures as shown (average cap diameter here is approximately 10 cm). The worlds second most important commercial mushroom, shiitake is Japans...

Chen, C.C. et al., Effects of pH value on the formation of volatiles of shiitake (Lentinus edodes), an edible mushroom, J. Agric. Food Chem., 32, 999, 1984. 

Enzymic Formation of Volatile Compounds in Shiitake Mushroom (Lentinus edodes Sing.)... 

Volatile compounds of Shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes Sing.) are composed of eight-carbon containing alcohols and sulfur compounds. l-Octen-3-ol and 2-octen-l-ol are the major C8-compounds comprising the "mushroom" character of Shiitake mushroom. The characteristic "sulfurous" note of Shiitake mushroom is composed of cyclic S-compounds, such as lenthionine (C2 H4 S5, 1,2,3,5,6-pentathiepane),... 

Shiitake (Lentinus edodes Sing.) is an edible mushroom highly prized in the Orient, especially Japan and China. Traditionally, Shiitake mushrooms were grown on segmented rotten wood which was placed in a cool, humid place. Several months are required before harvest. This ancient technique is still used in some countries. In Taiwan, an accelerated technique has been developed which employs treated and compressed sawdust as the growth medium. This method significantly reduces the time to harvest. 

Eritadenine. (R)-6-Amlno-a,ft-dihydrOxy-9H-purine-9-butnnoic acid 2(R),3(R)-dihydroxy-4-(9-adenyl)-butyric acid, (D-erythro-form) lentinacin lentysine. C,H, -N,04 mol wt 253.22. C 42.68%, H 4.38%, N 27.66%, O 25.27%. Isoln from the mushroom Lentinus edodes Sing. (Shiitake) and synthesis Chibata et al, Experientia 25, 1237 (1969). Syntheses Kamiya et al. Tetrahedron Letters 1969, 4729 eidem, Chem. Ind. 1970, 652 Okumura et al., Chem. Commun. 1970, 1045 Kawazu el al, ibid. 1970, 1047. Synthesis of D-threo- and L-threo-forms Hashimoto et of.. 

Leatbioaine. 1,2,3,J, 6-Pentath iepane. CjHjS, mol wt 188.38, C 12.75%, H 2.14%, S 85.11%. Odorous principle from the edible mushroom Shiitake Lentinus edodeS (Berk.) Sing, isoln and synthesis Morita, Kobayashi, Tetrahedron Letters 1966, 573. Simple, efficient synthesis I. Still, G. W. Kutney, ibid. 22, 1939 (l98l). 

Some mushroom species do not grow well on grain and are better suited to alternative spawn media. Other mushrooms are grown on substrates incompatible with grain spawn. For example sawdust and bran are the preferred spawn materials for the cultivations of wood inhabitors such as Lentinus edodes and Flammulina velutipes. Another spawn media has a perlite bran base. Perlite is vitreous rock, heated to 1000°F. and exploded like popcorn. The thin flakes of bran are readily sterilized while the perlife gives the medium its structure. The recipes are ... 

Mushroom cultivation was originaiiy an outdoor activity dependent on seasonai conditions Substrates were prepared and spawned when outside temperatures and humidity were favorabie. This is still the case with many smaii scale growers of Volvariella volvacea, Siropharia rugoso-annulata and Lentinus edodes. 

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