Legumes, herbicides

Phytodegradation Soils, groundwater, landfill leachate, land application of wastewater Herbicides (atrazine, alachlor) Aromatics (BTEX) Chlorinated aliphatics (TCE) Nutrients (NO, NH4+, PO3) Ammunition wastes (TNT, RDX) Phreatophyte trees (poplar, willow, cottonwood, aspen) Grasses (rye, Bermuda, sorghum, fescue) Legumes (clover, alfalfa, cowpeas)... 

From the earliest greenhouse studies, it was obvious that AC 252,214 was an interesting compound. Remarkably, it was well tolerated by legumes, especially soybeans, yet showed a broad-spectrum of herbicidal activity, killing broad-leaved, grassy and perennial weeds. Further it was shown that AC 252,214 could be used both as a preemergent and postemergent herbicide. Rates for field application are 125-250 g/ha (12). 

Uses herbicide for post-emergence control of many annual and perennial broadleaf weeds in lucerne, clovers, undersown cereals, grassland, forage legumes, soybeans, and groundnuts. 

Uses herbicide to control post-emergent wild oats, wild millets, and other annual grass weeds in wheat, barley, rye, red fescue, and broadleaf weeds in crops such as soybeans, sugar cane, fodder beet, flax, legumes, oilseed rape, sunflowers, clover, lucerne, groundnuts, brassicas, carrots, celery, beet root, parsnips, lettuce, spinach, potatoes, tomatoes, fennel, alliums, herbs, etc. 

Uses In pure form, dicamba is a white crystalline solid. The technical acid is a pale buff crystalline solid. Dicamba is a benzoic acid herbicide that is used for the control of infestation on leaves and soil. Dicamba controls annual and perennial broadleaf weeds in grain crops and grasslands, and is used to control brush and bracken in pastures. It kills broadleaf weeds before and after they sprout. Legume weeds are killed by dicamba. In combination with a phenoxyalkanoic acid or other herbicides, dicamba is used in pastures, rangeland, and noncrop areas such as fencerows and roadways to control weeds.2,17... 

Diphenyl-ether herbicides such as aclonifen, bifenox and lactofen are relatively new herbicides, used for weed control in the growth of seeded legumes, such as soybeans. MS and MS-MS of five neutral diphenyl-ethers herbicides and three acid metabolites was reported [64]. Negative-ion ESI is preferred for the acidic compounds [47, 64] and either negative-ion APCI [64] or positive-ion ESI [47] is used for the neutral ones. Stmcture informative fragmentation was observed in negative-ion MS-MS [64]. 

The crystalline substance, slightly soluble in water and readily soluble in organic solvents, is a soil herbicide. It is effective against annual grass weeds in sugar beet and legumes at a rate of 6-8 kg/ha. The lDjo for rats is 3000 mg/kg. 

Cyanoalkylamino-5-triazines, applied in dose of 0.25-4 kg active ingredient/ha, are herbicides of low persistence which can be used for pre- and postemergence treatment in maize, cereals, legumes and potato. They are not sensitive to heat or light and are hydrolytically stable in neutral solution. Their peroral acute toxicity in rats is 150-600 mg/kg. 

RP 20 810 is also selective mainly in broad-leaved crops. It is very well tolerated by large legumes, brassicas and carrot. It is a promising herbicide in peanuts and soybean. 

Dimefuron is a pre- and postemergence herbicide of high activity. At a rate of 4 kg active ingredient/ha it has a total effect, and it is very persistent at this rate. At a rate of 0.5-1.0 kg it selectively controls most of the annual broad-leaved and grassy weeds, with the exception of a few cruciferous weeds, in cereals, dormant alfalfa and legumes. Higher (2-3 kg) doses can be used in cotton, tea, cocoa, sugar cane and rubber plantations. 

Fresh vegetables and legumes in particular may also be analyzed for the presence of chemical residues. These may be present due to specific horticultural and agricultural practices (pesticides, herbicides, etc.), environmental contamination, or through the use of certain permitted additives. Detection and quantification of these residues is a complex analytical problem. Most methods used are based on solvent separation coupled with chromatographic determination using either LC, GLC or GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 

Uses Selective, contact, postemeigence herbicide used to control a variety of aimual and perennial broad-leaved weeds in most grass and legume crops. 

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