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Lead starter batteries

Example with nigrosine paste and silver electrodes, a storage of 1.5 mAh/cm3 and, at a mean voltage of 0.9 V with a discharge time of about 11 min, a volumetric storage capacity of 1.3 mWh/cm3 were measured. The corresponding capacity of a lead starter battery is 11 mAh/cm3 or 15 mWh/cm3. [Pg.121]

General requirements and tests of lead starter batteries and the details of electrical and mechanical examinations which are to be carried out for motor vehicle starter batteries are described in DIN EN 60 095-1 1993. It eminated from the international standard IEC95-1 1988 and is valid in the EU and associated countries. [Pg.276]

The demand for electrically operated tools or devices that can be handled independently of stationary power sources led to a variety of different battery systems which are chosen depending on the field of application. In the case of rare usage, e.g., for household electric torches or for long-term applications with low current consumption, such as watches or heart pacemakers, primary cells (zinc-carbon, alkaline-manganese or lithium-iodide cells) are chosen. For many applications such as starter batteries in cars, only rechargeable battery systems, e.g., lead accumulators, are reasonable with regard to costs and the environment. [Pg.15]

The historical development of the separator and of the lead-acid storage battery are inseparably tied together. When referring to lead-acid batteries today one primarily thinks of starter batteries or forklift traction batteries, but the original applications were quite different. [Pg.251]

Typical pore size distributions result in mean pore diameters of around 15 //m. Even long and intensive efforts did not succeed in decreasing this value decisively in order to enable production of micropo-rous pocketing material resistant to penetration [65, 66], In practice PVC separators prove themselves in starter batteries in climatically warmer areas, where the battery life is however noticeably reduced because of increased corrosion rates at elevated temperature and vibration due to the road condition. The failure modes are similar for all leaf separator versions shedding of positive active mass fills the mud room at the bottom of the container and leads to bottom shorts there, unless — which is the normal case — the grids of the positive electrodes are totally corroded beforehand. [Pg.265]

Cold crank performance, battery life expectancy, and freedom from maintenance are generally co-affected by the separators, whereas ampere-hour capacity remains largely unaffected at a given separator thickness. The properties of the different leaf and pocket separators are compared in Table 10. These typical separator properties (lines 1-4) are reflected in the electrical results of battery tests (lines 5-8). The data presented here are based on the 12 V starter battery standard DIN 43 539-02 tests based on other standards lead to similar results. [Pg.269]

The above comparative evaluation of starter battery separators refers to moderate ambient temperatures the standard battery tests arc performed at 40 or 50 °C. What happens, however, on going to significantly higher temperatures, such as 60 or 75 °C This question cannot be answered without considering the alloys used batteries with antimonial alloys show a water consumption that rises steeply with increasing temperature [40], leaving as the only possibilities for such applications either the hybrid construction, i.c., positive electrode with low-antimony alloy, negative electrode lead-calcium, or even both... [Pg.271]

Without any doubt the microporous polyethylene pocket will meet all requirements of modern starter batteries for the foreseeable future. Whether and to what extent other constructions, such as valve-regulated lead-acid batteries, other battery systems, or even supercapacitors, will find acceptance, depends — besides the technical aspects — on the emphasis which is placed on the ecological or economical factors. [Pg.272]

The lead storage battery provides electrical power in automobiles. It is well suited for this use because it supplies the large current needed to drive starter motors and headlights and can be recharged easily. Figure 19-20 shows the lead storage cell in a schematic view. The half-reactions are the subject of Example ... [Pg.1402]

Since 1803, when Ritter invented the voltaic pile, rechargeable batteries have been known to exist [5]. The big breakthrough came in 1859, when Plante introduced the lead-acid battery [6]. Until today, this kind of secondary battery has been the most well-known electrochemical device. It is omnipresent in every car as a starter battery and also plays an important role in stationary energy storage (e.g. for uninterruptable power supplies). [Pg.228]

Since about 1912 when self-starters were first used in automobiles, the lead storage battery has been a major factor in making the automobile a practical means of transportation. This type of battery can function for several years under temperature extremes from —30°F to 100°F and under incessant punishment from rough roads. [Pg.481]

Sonnenschein was the first company to introduce gel battery technology to the market successfully. They started in 1958 with rather small batteries for flashlights. Since that time, this technology has steadily replaced the conventional, flooded lead-acid battery in various applications [38,71,72]. Phosphoric acid addition for cycling was first introduced in 1965. Larger gel batteries with tubular positive plates were developed for stationary applications in 1978. More recently, gel batteries have been produced for starter and traction applications, and thick, flat positive plates were added for telecommunications applications. [Pg.448]

Principally the construction of a bipolar battery is not size limited. The plates can be as large as needed with the possibility of any shape desired. Like in fuel cell systems battery plates can be built in m dimensions. This is an important aspect, because regular plate batteries are size limited by the current collector grids like the lead-acid automobil starter battery, which get unproportionally heavy at larger sizes and heavy loads. Generally we can expect energy... [Pg.180]

In 1975 at the U.S. Super Bowl, the Sears die-hard battery started several cars simultaneously on a frozen lake in Wisconsin. Table II shows how typical lead-acid starter battery performance has improved between 1975 and 2000. [Pg.20]

Kentner, M., and T. Fischer. 1994. Lead exposure in starter battery production Investigation of the correlation between air lead and blood lead levels. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 66(4) 223-228. [Pg.45]


See other pages where Lead starter batteries is mentioned: [Pg.572]    [Pg.121]    [Pg.252]    [Pg.253]    [Pg.253]    [Pg.259]    [Pg.269]    [Pg.273]    [Pg.275]    [Pg.375]    [Pg.236]    [Pg.457]    [Pg.348]    [Pg.2]    [Pg.90]    [Pg.371]    [Pg.572]    [Pg.353]    [Pg.403]    [Pg.406]    [Pg.414]    [Pg.420]    [Pg.427]    [Pg.710]    [Pg.842]    [Pg.21]    [Pg.49]    [Pg.52]    [Pg.52]    [Pg.251]    [Pg.710]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.294 , Pg.295 ]




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