Leaching environmental protection

Cement plants in the United States are now carehiUy monitored for compliance with Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standards for emissions of particulates, SO, NO, and hydrocarbons. AH plants incorporate particulate collection devices such as baghouses and electrostatic precipitators (see Air POLLUTION CONTROL methods). The particulates removed from stack emissions are called cement kiln dust (CKD). It has been shown that CKD is characterized by low concentrations of metals which leach from the CKD at levels far below regulatory limits (63,64). Environmental issues continue to be of concern as the use of waste fuel in cement kilns becomes more widespread. 

Sources 1 J.M. Leach and A.N. Thakore, Toxic Constituents in Mechanical Pulping Effluents , Tappi, 1976, 59, 2, pp. 129-132. 2 L.T.K. Cheng, H.P. Meier and J.M. Leach, Can Pulp-mill Effluent Toxicity be Estimated from Chemical Analysis , Tappi, 1979, 62, pp. 71-74. 3 J.M. Leach and L.T.K. Chung, Development of a Chemical Toxicity Assay for Pulp Mill Effluents , US EPA Publication, No. EPA-600/2-80-206, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati. 

Wilson, J. T., Leach, L. E., Michalowski, J., Vandegrift, S., and Callaway, R., 1989, In-Situ Bioremediation of Spills from Underground Storage Tanks New Approaches for Site Characterization, Project Design, and Evaluation of Performance. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Report No. EPA/60012-89/042, July, 56 pp. 

K.M. Swamy and K.L. Narayana, Ultraso-nically assisted leaching. Advances in Sonochemistry, 6, Theme issue - Ultrasound in Environmental Protection, T.J. Mason and Andreas Tiehm (eds.), Elsevier, 2001. 

In New York and Massachusetts where PCB contamination is always a possibility, the laboratory tests required by the state environmental protection agencies for analysis of a petroleum-contaminated soil are as follows (a) flash point (b) total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) (c) PCB screening (d) total organic halides (TOH) (e) reactivity of cyanide and sulfide (f) BTEX or equivalent (g) eight metals under TCLP (Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure) for USTs and (h) full range of tests under TCLP for ASTs and spills. 

Produces a vitrified producf fhaf meets U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (ERA) toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) criteria for disposal. 

Fig. 2. Processes by which wastes can leach and contaminate groundwater systems. (US Environmental Protection Agency)...

In essence, due to water leaching the tannins from the bark and other chemicals in the trees themselves, these water solutions must be subjected to zero discharge by 1977, according to the new guidelines by the Environmental Protection Agency. 

US EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency TCLP Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure ANC Acid neutralizing capacity procedure... 

US Environmental Protection Agency, Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), Method 1311, Rev. II, 1992. 

The acceptability of a hazardous waste for land disposal in the United States is largely based on the results obtained from running the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Extraction ftocedure(ET) test ts]. In this test, the waste is contacted with a mild acetic acid leachant for 24 hours, after which the leaShant is analyzed for specific metals which may have leached. This test procedure... 

There are presently over 26,000 uncontrolled waste sites in the United States as reported by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (i). Of these sites, 951 are on the National Priority List (NPL) which makes these sites eligible for funds from the Superfimd. One common characteristic of the NPL sites is that the site ground water is contaminated by the leaching of pollutants from contaminated soil. Therefore, the task of cleaning up such a site involves the detoxification of both solid (soil) and liquid (water) matrices contaminated with a common pollutant. 

The first phase of the Bureau s research [1 ] showed that phosphogypsum was not corrosive by Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) criteria. The study also presented evidence that phosphogypsum would not be toxic by EPA criteria and that trace elements and radium would not be leached from the stockpiles. These conclusions were obtained from statistical analyses of extensive quantities of spectrographic and radiological data. More direct confirmation of these conclusions was needed to decisively answer the question of leaching of toxic elements and radium from phosphogypsum stockpiles. 

Environment Canada (1990) Compendium of waste leaching tests. Environmental Protection Series. Report EPS 3/HA/7. 

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