LAURAMID

Lauramide has been prepared by passing ammonia gas through lauric acid in the presence of metallic oxides, specifically a complex mixture of Si02—AI2O2—Fe202—CaO—SO in the ratio of 24 16 3 47 10. The oxides, which are hydrated during amidation, can be regenerated by calcination (12,13). 

Lauryl alcohol has been prepared by the reduction of the aldehyde with zinc dust and acetic acid 1 by the reduction of esters of lauric acid with sodium and absolute alcohol 2 or with sodium, liquid ammonia, and absolute alcohol 3 by the reduction of lauramide with sodium and amyl alcohol.4 The method in the above procedure is essentially that described by Levene and Allen.5... 

The molecular structure of lauric acid diethanolamine or lauramide... 

J. M. Mathews, K. Decosta, B. E Thomas, Lauramide Diethanolamine Absorption, Metabolism, and Disposion in Rats and Mice after Oral, Intravenous, and Dermal Administration , Drug Metab. Dispos. 1996, 24, 702-710. 

After filtration of the enzyme, the solution was cooled in a freezer to precipitate the lauramide. The cold suspension was filtered to give pure (/f)-A-(octan-2-yl)dodecana-mide. Three precipitations were necessary to obtain the pure product (1.775 g, 5.7 mmol, enantiomeric excess (ee) > 99 %, 74 % yield). 

After filtration of the enzyme and concentration, the crude product was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (0/100 to 15/85 EtOAc/pentane) to give the corresponding lauramide (130 mg, ee > 99 %, 62 % yield). 

Other Toxicity Concerns. Additional toxicity concerns include interference with normal metabolism and function of mucosal cells, for example, water absorption by these cells [80]. The unconjugated bile acids are known to block amino acid metabolism [81] and glucose transport [82]. There is a possibility of biotransformation of these enhancers to toxic or carcinogenic substances by hepatic monooxygenases [83]. Absorption of permeation enhancers into the systemic circulation can also cause toxicity, for example, azone [84] and hexamethylene lauramide [85] which are absorbed... 

Ismail, I.M., et al. 1992. Comparison of azone and hexamethylene lauramide in toxicologic effects and penetration enhancement of cimetidine in rabbit eyes. Pharm Res 9 817. 

SYNS BIS(2-HYDROXYETHYL)LAURAMIDE N,N-BIS(HYDROXYETHYL)LAURAMIDE N,N-BIS(p-HYDROXYETHYL)LAURAMIDE N,N-BIS(2-HYDROXYETHYL)LAURAxMIDE CLINDROL lOlCG CLINDROL SUPERAMIDE lOOL COCO DIETHANOL-AMIDE COCONUT OIL AMIDE of DIETHANOLAMINE COMPERLAN LD CONDENSATE PL CRILLON L.D.E. DIETHANOLLAURAMIDE N.N-DIETHANOLLAURAMIDE N,N-DIETHANOLLAURIC ACID AMIDE EMID 6511 EMID 6541 ETHYLAN MLD HETAMIDE iML LAURAMDE DEA LAURIC ACID DIETHANOLAMIDE LAURIC DIETHANOL-... 

V-ra-butyl lauramide. CMn23CONnc4n9. Properties White solid lauric acid odor. Boiling... 

A widely available anionic surfactant is sodium lauryl sulfate. This surfactant is fairly irritating to skin. Ethoxylation of this surfactant lowers its irritation potential but it also lowers its lather. The optimal mildness and lather is obtained with a degree of ethoxylation of 2 or 3. This surfactant is widely used with 2 moles of ethoxylation (laureth 2-sulfate) and is available as 28% active or 70% active. In some cases it is also used with 3 moles of ethoxylation (laureth 3-sulfate). The loss of lather due to ethoxylation is generally compensated for by using foam boosters such as lauramide diethanolamide, cocamide diethanolamide, and amine oxides. Alfa olefin sulfonate is another cost-effective surfactant emerging as a popular surfactant for liquid soap formulations [7],... 

The most effective additives for increasing the stability of the foam produced by surfactant solutions appear to be long-chain, often water-insoluble, polar compounds with straight-chain hydrocarbon groups of approximately the same length as the hydrophobic group of the surfactant. Examples are lauryl alcohol for use with sodium dodecyl sulfate, Af,/V-bis(hydroxyethyl) lauramide for use with dodecylbenzenesulfonate, lauric acid for use with potassium laurate, and N,N-dimethyldodecylamine oxide for use with dodecylbenzenesulfonate and other anionics. 

Each milliliter of sodium sulfacetamide lotion 10% contains 100 mg of sodium sulfacetamide in a vehicle consisting of purified water, propylene glycol, lauramide DEA and diethanolamine, polyethylene glycol 400 monolau-rate, hydroxyethyl cellulose, sodium chloride, sodium... 

Lauramide. [Zohar Detn ent Fact ] Fatty acid DEA foam booster, thidk-ener, superfatting agent... 

Mirasheen 202. [Rhone-Poulenc Surf.] Glycol stearate, lauramide DEA, coca-midopropyl betaine, glycerin pearl cone, fra cold blend cosmetic formulations. 

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