Ultraviolet laser ablation

Ultraviolet laser ablation Ultraviolet laser desorption/ionisation Ultraviolet photolysis Ultraviolet resonance Raman scattering/spectroscopy Video Image Enhanced Evaluation of Weathering Visible... 

Approximately 70 different elements are routinely determined using ICP-OES. Detection limits are typically in the sub-part-per-billion (sub-ppb) to 0.1 part-per-million (ppm) range. ICP-OES is most commonly used for bulk analysis of liquid samples or solids dissolved in liquids. Special sample introduction techniques, such as spark discharge or laser ablation, allow the analysis of surfaces or thin films. Each element emits a characteristic spectrum in the ultraviolet and visible region. The light intensity at one of the characteristic wavelengths is proportional to the concentration of that element in the sample. 

Poitrasson, X.L., Mao, S.S., Freydier, R., Russo, R.E. 2003. Comparison of ultraviolet femtosecond and nanosecond laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis in glass, monazite, and zircon. Analytical Chemistry, 75, 6184-6190. 

Jeffries, T. E., Pearce, N. J. G., Perkins, W.T., and Raith, A. (1996). Chemical fractionation during infrared and ultraviolet laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry - implications for mineral micro analysis. Analytical Communications 33 35-39. 

With the advent of multiple-collector inductively coupled plasma-source mass spectrometry (MC-ICPMS) it is now possible to measure Mg/ Mg and Mg/ Mg of Mg in solution with a reproducibility of 30 to 60 ppm or better (Galy et al. 2001). What is more, ultraviolet (UV) laser ablation combined with MC-ICPMS permits in situ analysis of Mg-bearing mineral samples with reproducibility of 100 to 200 ppm (Yoimg et al. 2002a). These new analytical capabilities allow mass-dependent fractionations of the isotopes of Mg to be used as tracers in natural systems. 

Young et al. (2002a) showed that ultraviolet laser ablation combined with MC-ICPMS (LA-MC-ICPMS) can offer advantages over other methods of spatially resolved Mg isotopic analysis of meteorite materials. They collected data for chondrules and a CAI from the Allende meteorite. Each datum in that study represents approximately 2.8 pg of material (based on a laser spot diameter of 100 pm and laser pit depth of 30 pm depths are uncertain to + 20%). 

Geersten C., Briand A., Chattier F., Lacour J.-L., Mauchient P., and Sjostrom S. (1994) Comparison between infrared and ultraviolet laser ablation at atmospheric pressure-implications for solid sampling inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 9, 17-22. 

Hatanaka, K., Itoh, T., Asahi, T., Ichinose, N., Kawanishi, S., Sasuga, T., Fukumura, H. and Masuhara, H. (1999) Time-resolved ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopic study on femtosecond KrF laser ablation of liquid benzyl chloride. Chem. Phys. Lett., 300, 727-733. 

Srinivasan R, Braren B, Casey KG (1990) Ultraviolet laser ablation and decomposition of OTganic materials. Pure Appl Chem 62(8) 1581-1584... 

Usui, H. Sasaki, T. Koshizaki, N. Ultraviolet emission from layered nanocomposites of ZnfOH) and sodium dodecyl sulfate prepared by laser ablation in liquid . Applied Physics Letters, 2005,87(6), 63105-63108. 

G. H. Pettit, R. Sauerbrey, Pulsed ultraviolet laser ablation, Appl. Phys. A 1993, 56, 51-63. 

Matrix isolation methods have been used to prepare the binary aluminum hydride AI2H6 [7]. Prior to this work, the only known hydride of aluminum was the polymeric (A1H3) solid. The dimer was formed following the reaction of laser-ablated A1 atoms with pure H2 during co-deposition at 3.5 K, followed by radiation with ultraviolet light and heating to 6.5 K. AI2H6 was identified by seven new infrared absorptions that were accurately predicted by quantum mechanical simulations. Many other examples can be found in [8]. 

Schmidt, H., Ihlemarm, (., Wolff-Rottke, B., Luther, K., and Troe, (. (1998) Ultraviolet laser ablation of polymers spot size, pulse duration, and plume... 

UV laser A generic name given to a laser ablation system that works in the ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The three most common wavelengths used in commercial equipment are all UV lasers. They include the 266 nm (frequency-quadrupled) Nd YAG laser, the 213 nm (frequency-quintupled) Nd YAG laser, and the 193 nm ArF excimer laser system. Also refer to excimer laser and Nd YAG laser. 

In laser diagnostic methods developed to study the vaporization behavior of ZrC (7), a vapor phase was produced by laser ablation of a ZrC target. The temperatures of the plasmas are estimated to be between 9000 and 12,000 K. Thermodynamic calculations for 9000 K predict that C3 has the highest partial pressure, followed by C2 and C5. Zirconium has the lowest calculated partial pressure. The dominant neutral gas species of an expanding plasma plume are predicted to be Zr and C followed by, in decreasing order of importance, C2, C3, C4, and Cs. The optical emission spectra of the ablated ZrC from 200 to 500 nm at delay times from 10 p.s to 1 ms (Fig. 5) contain lines only for excited Zr. Emission peaks from C, C2, and C3 were absent from the spectra, apparently because of the inherently low emission intensities of these species compared with that of Zr, which has a very strong spectrum in the ultraviolet frequency range. 

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