Sand dollar Dendraster excentricus

Sand dollar, Dendraster excentricus, sperm 28 Fertilization success reduced 50% in 60 min 2... 

Diatom, Schroederella schroederi Diatom, Skeletonema costatum Dinoflagellate, Glenodinium halli Purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, embryos Sand dollar, Dendraster excentricus Atlantic herring, Clupea harengus, embryos Mud crab, Rithropanopeus harrissii, larvae Diet... 

A variety of other amino acid- or peptide-based cues also induce larval settlement and metamorphosis. For example, larvae of the sand dollar Dendraster excentricus settle and metamorphose in response to (1) a peptide-based cue from sand associated with adults, and (2) to water conditioned by adults.135 137 The nudibranch Adalaria proxima is induced to settle and metamorphose by a water-soluble-peptide-based cue from its bryozoan host Electra pilosa.138 139 A surface-associated peptide inducer has been proposed for the tube worm Phragmatopoma lapidosa californica140 but its role as a natural inducer remains to be defined. 

Highsmith, R.C., Induced settlement and metamorphosis of sand dollar Dendraster excentricus) larvae in predator-free sites adult sand dollar beds, Ecology, 63, 329, 1982. 

Burke, R.D., Phermonal control of metamorphosis in the pacific sand dollar, Dendraster excentricus, Science, 225, 440, 1984. 

Sand dollars, Dendraster excentricus, exhibit gregarious settlement, and larvae undergo settlement and metamorphosis in the presence of adult-associated sand.92 Adults produce a chemical cue that remains associated with the sand and is stable for at least 7 weeks. Thus, settlement occurs within or near existing sand dollar beds. Highsmith92 suggested that the cue was a small peptide. This was confirmed by Burke,20-21 who isolated an active peptide of 980 Da from extracts of sands from sand dollar beds. 

In some cases, the nature of the chemical signal is known as well. Larvae of the tube worm Phragmatopoma californica undergo metamorphosis in response to a proteinaceous substance present in the tubes built by conspecific adults.95 Larvae of the sand dollar Dendraster excentricus... 

Sand dollar, Dendraster excentricus, 880 Sea cucumber, Stichopus spp., 27,872 Sea urchin... 

Sand dollar, Dendraster 28 excentricus, sperm Echinoderms, 3 species, 60-200 embryos... 

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