Large-scale field testing

The U.S. DOE has sponsored the ALCD, which is a large-scale field test of two conventional designs (RCRA Subtitle C and Subtitle D) and four alternative landfill covers (monolithic ET cover, capillary barrier ET cover, geosynthetic clay liner cover, and anisotropic—layered capillary barrier—ET cover). The test was conducted at Sandia National Laboratories, located on Kirtland Air Force Base in Albuquerque, New Mexico.84 The ALCD has collected information on the construction, cost, and performance that are needed to compare alternative cover designs with conventional covers. The... 

Despite the efficiency of DR cationic surfactant solutions and several successful large-scale field tests, commercial use of these solutions has not been widespread largely because of their slow biodegradation properties. A new series of biodegradable mixed zwitterionic/anionic surfactant solutions, which can be disposed of by normal sewage treatment, has been developed by Akzo Nobel with excellent field test results in the primary system of the same district heating system in Herning, Denmark. 

The bioassay of (l/ ,55,7R)-(+)-exo-brevicomin (76) and its (-)-enantiomer 16 ) was carried out by Professor David L. Wood and coworkers at the University of California, Berkeley. When I visited his laboratory in June 1974, I was deeply impressed by the fact that only (+)-76 was pheromonally active to attract the beetles. A large-scale field test also indicated that (+)-76 was the bioactive isomer, while (—)-76 was neither active nor inhibitory.32 Thus, only a single enantiomer of the pheromone was found to... 

At that time, some large-scale field tests on surfactant and microemulsion technologies had alreadybeen performed [50-55]. In most cases, the applied surfactants or microemul-sion components were selected in laboratory experiments by determining phase behaviour, interfacial tension, solubilisation capacity, viscosity and extracting power in soil columns. 

First Large-Scale Field Tests and Commercial Developments... 

In Table 33.5, results of a number of ER projects and large-scale field tests are shown. 

Pesticide registration. Before a pesticide can be commercially marketed it must be registered as outlined in FIFRA. Generally, large-scale field testing is necessary prior to registration in order to obtain the data... 

It is important that, to optimize the collection efficiency, the gas distribution across the frontal area of the precipitator must be as uniform as possible, although some recent work has indicated that for certain conditions a skewed velocity profile can be advantageous. It is not easy to produce a typical operational gas velocity of around 1.5m/s, which has been decelerated from approximately 15m/s in the inlet approach ductwork, and an acceptable standard of distribution is an RMS deviation of 15%. This standard can be achieved through field corrective testing, large-scale model tests, or the more recent CFD approaches.f ... 

To remain effective, response options detailed in contingency plans must be tested frequently. This testing is conducted by responding to a practice spill as though it were real. This varies from a tabletop exercise to large-scale field exercises in which equipment is deployed and oil is actually spilled and recovered. Such exercises not only maintain and increase the skills of the response personnel, but also lead to improvements and fine tuning of the plan as weaknesses and gaps are identified. 

Limit the small-scale laboratory experiments and encourage large-scale pilot tests in laboratory or in the field... 

Only recently, PHA inclusions were developed to display specific antigens of pathogenic mycobacteria for use as skin test [80]. The PHA inclusions outperformed existing commercial offering in animal experiment and is currently be tested in large-scale field trails. 

The Blast Effects Group at BakerRisk has a broad knowledge in the field of explosion impacts and effects in a variety of explosion phenomena ranging from fuel air, dust, chemical, and mechanical explosions. They are eqnipped with a large-scale outdoor test facility. 

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