Lactobacillus casei factor

Through the years, several names other than folacin and folic acid have been given to this vitamin, including Wills factor, pteroylmonoglutamic acid, antianemia factor PGA, vitamin M, vitamin Be, SLR factor, factor R, factor U, vitamin U, Lactobacillus casei factor citrovoram factor (CF) yeast Noriteluatefactor, vitamin B-vitamin B-10, and vitamin B-11. 

Seesuriyachan P, Takenaka S, Kuntiya A (2007) Metabolism of azo dyes by Lactobacillus casei TISTR 1500 and effects of various factors on decolorization. Wat Res 41 985-992... 

Studies on growth factors required by certain microorganisms, for example Streptococcus faecalis and Lactobacillus casei, and of their relevance in animal nutrition, led to the isolation and characterization of folic acid, pteroylglutamic acid (104), the structure of which was determined in 1946. It is an essential vitamin for man and together with vitamin B12 it is involved in the development of blood cells. Deficiency causes macrocytic anaemia. Many microorganisms do not use exogenous folic acid, but synthesize their own, and some... 

The isolation of lipoic acid in 1951 followed an earlier discovery that the ciliate protozoan Tetrahymena geleii required an unknown factor for growth. In independent experiments acetic acid was observed to promote rapid growth of Lactobacillus casei, but it could be replaced by an unknown "acetate replacing factor." Another lactic acid bacterium Streptococcus faecalis was unable to oxidize pyruvate without addition of "pyruvate oxidation factor." By 1949, all three unknown substances were recognized as identical.291 2913 After working up the equivalent of 10 tons of water-soluble residue from liver, Lester Reed and his collaborators isolated 30 mg of a fat-soluble acidic material which was named lipoic acid (or 6-thioctic acid).292 294... 

In addition to nonlinear lipophilicity relationships for the transport and distribution of drugs, nonlinear relationships on molar refractivity are frequently observed in QSAR studies of enzyme inhibition data (provided that MR values are scaled by a factor of 0.1, as usual) [60,63,64,66-68]. Two such examples are given in Eq. (63) (Escherichia coli DHFR) and Eq. (64) (Lactobacillus casei DHFR) [101]. The differences between both models could be explained after the 3D structure of the enzyme became known. Whereas all substituents of a benzyl ring contribute to biological activities in E. coli DHFR, only the 3- and 4-substituents show up in the QSAR model for L. casei DHFR but not the 5-substituents. This results from a narrower binding pocket in L. casei DHFR a (3-branched leucine hinders the accommodation of 5-substituents, whereas a more flexible methionine in the same position of E. coli DHFR opens a wider binding pocket [101] ... 

Analogously to the artificial diet for humans, microbiologists attempted to prepare a purified medium for microorganisms comprising all the necessary nutrients in chemically pure form. In 1939, Esmond Snell observed that, when riboflavin was added to the medium for Lactobacillus casei, in which the peptone was treated with alkali in advance to destroy the inherent riboflavin, no growth was observed. This indicated that some nutritional factors were... 

Nutritional studies with Lactobacillus casei and Streptococcus faecalis R resulted in the discovery of new growth factors given the names norite eluate factor and folic acid, respectively. Assay methods using these two organisms were employed in the isolation of folic acid and related compounds from natural extracts. However, a number of previously reported biological responses to natural extracts may now be attributed to the folic acid group. 

Lipoic Acid. The formation of acetyl CoA from pyruvate involves an additional cofactor, lipoic acid. This compound was studied independently as a growth factor for the protozoa Tetrahymena (protogen), a growth factor for Lactobacillus casei (acetate replacing factor) and a pyruvate oxidation factor for Streptococcus faecalis. - Pure synthetic compounds were made and called thioctic acid and lipoic acid. The officially accepted name for the structure given below is lipoic acid. Lipoic acid is... 

L. casei factor Eluate factor , Norite eluate factor ). Snell and Peterson (56) reported in 1940 that, among the substances required by Lactobacillus casei e, was one found in yeast, liver and other natural materials, which could be adsorbed on norite and eluted therefrom with ammoni-acal alcohol. They referred to this substance as the eluate factor , and described methods for its concentration. Stokstad (57) and Hutchings, Bo-honos, and Peterson (58) carried the concentration somewhat further. Hutchings, et al. also described chemical properties of the factor and showed that a concentrate stimulated the growth of several strains of lactic acid... 

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