Labels overview

Chemical Labeling Overview of Applications in Chemical Biology Chemiluminescence and Bioluminescence Techniques Fluorescence in Living Systems Overview of Applications in Chemical Biology... 

Theoretical treatment of polarographic curves for the calculation of values of jo has been described [65Hey, 66Hey], for an overview see [94Gal], a further evaluation procedure has been described [6801d]. Experimental details, in particular of solid electrodes in combination with a rotating disk electrode have been reported elsewhere [84Guy]. (Data obtained with this method are labelled PP.)... 

Since food colorants are used as food additives, they must also comply with legislative requirements. Food legislation in the European Union (EU) and the United States (US) differs with regard to additives and labeling. Therefore, this section provides an overview of legislation in the EU (Section 7.1.6.1) and the US (Section 7.1.6.2) and discusses colorants permitted for use in food products according to the different requirements. 

In this chapter we will review the recent investigations of the structure of both the a and P subunit, and the function of gastric H,K-ATPase. We will proceed from a brief overview of the tissue distribution to a successive discussion of structure, kinetics, transport properties, lipid dependency, solubilization and reconstitution, and inhibitors of H,K-ATPase that may label functionally important domains of the enzyme. 

This chapter will give an overview of recent international trends and initiatives regarding chemicals in leather and articles containing leather. That includes the identification of chemicals in the produced leather that are common on restricted substance lists and present ongoing recent initiatives to control the impact from these chemicals including both legislative measures and initiatives from customers such as international brands or purchasing sectors and different eco-labels. 

Wilbur, D.S. (1992) Radiohalogenation of proteins An overview of radionuclides, labeling methods, and reagents for conjugate labeling. Bioconjugate Chem. 3, 433-470. 

An initial number of stations was determined by an analysis of the recipes. Within the recipes, sub-sequences of unit operations were identified which must be processed without waiting time or in parallel. The remaining unit operations were distributed on existing or new stations, so that the utilization of the stations was approximately evenly distributed and subsequent unit operations could be processed at one station. By this allocation the number of vessel transfers was minimized. An overview on the allocation of technical functions to the stations in the basic configuration is listed in Table 3.1. The numbers of the stations correspond to the labelling of the stations in Figure 3.5. 

Hemmila I, Webb S (1997) Time-resolved fluorometry an overview of the labels and core technologies for drug screening applications. Drug Discov Today 2 373-381... 

Abstract Dye-doped polymeric micro- and nanobeads represent smart analytical tools that have become very popular recently. They enable noninvasive contactless sensing and imaging of various analytical parameters on a nanoscale and are also widely employed in composite sensing materials, in suspension arrays, and as labels. This contribution gives an overview of materials and techniques used for preparation of dye-doped polymeric beads. It also provides examples of bead materials and their applications for optical sensing and imaging. 

In this chapter, we discuss first how the silver clusters relate to silver atoms and silver nanoparticles. Then we overview the formation of fluorescent silver clusters in aqueous solution, using silver salts as precursors and various scaffolds as stabilizers. Finally we discuss applications of silver clusters in fluorescent labeling of biological tissues, and their use as fluorescent probes for sensing of molecules. 

When fluorescently labeled biological specimens are viewed with a conventional wide-field microscope, a haze of out-of-focus fluorescence is usually created hy the overlapping structures within the sample. As we focus through the specimen, our hrains have a remarkable ability to discern substantial structural detail. However, the resolution of the images we record on film is degraded hy the out-of-focus fluorescence. The confocal microscope can reject out-of-focus information and enhance the contrast of an image because the illumination and the detection are confined to an identical (small) region of the specimen. An overview of the basic principles of a confocal microscope is presented in Fig. 1 and outlined helow. 

A typical DNA array fabrication and application process involves three major steps. First, nucleic acids (the capture sequences or probes) are immobilized at discrete positions on surface activated substrates. Secondly, the resulting array is hybridized with a complex mixture of fluorescently labelled nucleic acids (the target), and thirdly subsequent to hybridization, the fluorescent markers are detected using a high-resolution scanning laser that quantifies the interaction. This chapter focuses on the first of these processes and provides the reader with an overview of substrates, surface activation methods and dehvery systems available for nucleic acid immobilization. 

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