L, acute toxicity

Brecken-Folse.l.A.. Mayer. F.L.. Pedigo. L.E.. and Marking. L.L. Acute toxicity of 4-nitrophenol. 2.4-dinitrophenol.terbufos and trichlorfon to grass shrimp (Palaemonetes spp.) and sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatosf as affected by salinity and temperature. Environ. ScL Technol, 13(l) 67-77.1994. 

Guzzella, L., Gronda, L., and Colombo, L. Acute toxicity of organophosphorus insecticides to marine invertebrates, BuU. 

Pesticide LC50 (Pg/L) Acute Toxicity Chronic Value ( xg/L) ACR Chronic Toxicity... 

Not readily biodegradable. Acute toxicity fish (LC50) >100 mg/L. Acute toxicity to plants > 100 mg/L. Acute toxicity to aquatic invertebrates (EC50) >100 mg/L. 

Y3. Young, G. D., and Koplovitz, L, Acute toxicity of cyclohexyhnethylphosphonofluor-idate (CMPF) in rhesus-monkeys—Serum biochemical and hematological changes. Arch. Toxicol. 69, 379-383 (1995). 

L Acute Toxicity. Lethality data for agent GD are summarized in Table 28. The estimated oral LD50 value for humans is 5-20 Lig/kg (Somani et al. 1992). Gause et al. (1985) reported that the threshold for seizure induction in juvenile male baboons was 5 pg GD/kg when administered by i.m. injection. Bucci et al. (1992c) conducted range-finding studies with rats. The test material was administered by gavage to male and female CD rats once per day, 5 d/wk, for 2 wk. These studies indicated that the maximum dose tolerated by CD rats was... 

Huang, H. Wang, X. Ou, W. Zhao, J. Shao, Y. Wang, L. Acute toxicity of benzene derivatives to the tadpoles Rana japonica) and QS AR analyses. Chemosphere 2003, 53,963-970. 

Health nd Safety Factors. Isophorone is considered moderately toxic by ingestion and skin contact. Some rat tumor formation evidence has been found (264), but no demonstration as a human carcinogen has been proven. Isophorone is considered an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) priority pollutant, and has a permissible acute toxicity concentration of 117, 000 ///L to protect freshwater aquatic life, 12, 900 ///L to protect saltwater aquatic life, and 5, 200 ///L to protect human life (265). Isophorone is mildly toxic by inhalation, but because of its low volatiUty it is not a serious vapor hazard. 

Wastewater. Phenol is a toxic poUutant to the waterways and has an acute toxicity (- 5 m g/L) to fish. Chlorination of water gives chlorophenols, which impart objectionable odor and taste at 0.01 mg/L. Biochemical degradation is most frequently used to treat wastewater containing phenol. Primary activated sludge, along with secondary biological treatment, reduces phenol content to below 0.1 mg/L (69). 

LAS homolog Acute fish toxicity (LC50) [mg/L] Long-time fish toxicity (NOEC) [mg/L] Acute daphnia toxicity (ECS0) (mg/L) Long-time daphnia toxicity (NOEC) (mg/L)... 

The acute toxicity of ester sulfonates is mainly related to the length of the carbon chain of the fatty acid. The acute fish toxicity of tallow-based ester sulfonates is relatively high (LC0 = 0.4-0.9 mg/L) compared with coconut-based ester sulfonates (LC0 — 46 mg/L) [113]. In spite of this relatively high fish toxicity of the long-chain ester sulfonates both acute and long-term toxic effects can be excluded for normal environmental conditions. For example, the sum of all anionic surfactants in German rivers is stable on a level far below... 

Russom, C.L., Bradbury, S.R., Broderius, S.R., Hammermeister, D.E., Drummond, RA. (1997) Predicting Modes of Toxic Action from Chemical Structure Acute Toxicity in the Fathead Minniw (Pimephalespromelas). Environmental Toxicology Chemistry, 16(5), 948-967. 

Table 4.8. Acute toxicity to fish of some pesticides dissolved in water (FC50, mkg/l) [30]...

Pivato A, Gaspari L (2006) Acute toxicity test of leachates from traditional and sustainable landfills using luminescent bacteria. Waste Manag 26(10) 1148-1155... 

Newsted, J.L., Giesy, J.P. (1987) Predictive models for photoinduced acute toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to Daphnia magna, Strauss (Cladocera, Crustacea). Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 6, 445 -61. 

Witkin, L.B. 1956. Acute toxicity of hydrazine and some of its methylated derivatives. AMA Arch. Ind. Health 13 34-36. 

In all cases, the concentrations of malathion and fenitrothion measured in water (up to 5.8 and 1.2 pg/L, respectively) were below the LC50 (lethal concentration 50%) values reported for these compounds in oysters and mussels, which range between 2.7 and 278 mg/L in the case of malathion, and between 10.3 pg/L and 123 mg/L in the case of fenitrothion (http //www.pesticideinfo.org). However, it has to be stressed that these LC50 values express acute toxicity, that both malathion and fenitrothion might be bioaccumulated by molluscs (as their detection in biota suggests), and that aquatic organisms are exposed to a variety of contaminants, some of which could show synergetic or additive effects [40]. Further matters of... 

Ferrari, L., A. Salibian, and C.U. Muino. 1993. Selective protection of temperature against cadmium acute toxicity to Bufo arenarum tadpoles. Bull. Environ. Contamin. Toxicol. 50 212-218. 

McGee, B.L., D.A. Wright, and D.J. Fisher. 1998. Biotic factors modifying acute toxicity of aqueous cadmium to estuarine amphipod Leptocheirus plumulosus. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 34 34-40. 

Neff, J.M., R.S. Carr, and W.L. McCullough. 1981. Acute toxicity of a used chrome lignosulfonate drilling mud to several species of marine invertebrates. Mar. Environ. Res. 4 251-266. 

Ankley, G.T., V.R. Mattson, E.N. Leonard, C.W. West, and J.L. Bennett. 1993. Predicting the acute toxicity of copper in freshwater sediments evaluation of the role of acid-volatile sulfide. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 12 315-320. 

Jacobson, P.J., J.L. Farris, D.S. Cherry, and R.J. Neves. 1993. Juvenile freshwater mussel (Bivalvia Unionidae) responses to acute toxicity testing with copper. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 12 879-883. 

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