Cadmium toxicity acute

Ferrari, L., A. Salibian, and C.U. Muino. 1993. Selective protection of temperature against cadmium acute toxicity to Bufo arenarum tadpoles. Bull. Environ. Contamin. Toxicol. 50 212-218. 

Toxicokinetics Toxic effects of cadmium Acute toxicity Long-term exposure Reproductive toxicity Carcinogenicity Nephrotoxicity ... 

Carroll, J.J., S.J. Ellis, and W.S. Oliver. 1979. Influences of hardness constituents on the acute toxicity of cadmium to brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 22 575-581. 

McGee, B.L., D.A. Wright, and D.J. Fisher. 1998. Biotic factors modifying acute toxicity of aqueous cadmium to estuarine amphipod Leptocheirus plumulosus. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 34 34-40. 

Theede, H., N. Scholz, and H. Fisher. 1979. Temperature and salinity effects on the acute toxicity of cadmium to Laomedea loveni (Hydrozoa). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 1 13-19. 

Negilski, D.S. 1976. Acute toxicity of zinc, cadmium and chromium to the marine fishes, yellow-eye mullet (Aldrichetta forsteri C. V.) and small-mouthed hardyhead Atherinasoma microstoma Whitley). Austral. Jour. Mar. Freshwater Res. 27 137-149. 

Ahsanullah, M. and G.H. Amott. 1978. Acute toxicity of copper, cadmium, and zinc to larvae of the crab Paragrapsus quadridentatus (H. Milne Edwards), and implications for water quality criteria. Aust. Jour. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 29 1-8. 

Lin, H.C. and W.A. Dunson. 1993. The effect of salinity on the acute toxicity of cadmium to the tropical, estuarine, hermaphroditic fish, Rivulus marmoratus a comparison of Cd, Cu, and Zn tolerance with Fundulus heteroclitus. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 25 41-47. 

Attar, E.N. and E.J. Maly. 1982. Acute toxicity of cadmium, zinc, and cadmium-zinc mixtures to Daphnia magna. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 11 291-296. 

Burton, D.J. and D.J. Fisher. 1990. Acute toxicity of cadmium, copper, zinc, ammonia, 3,3 -dichlorobenzidine, 2,6-dichloro-4-nitroaniline, methylene chloride, and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol to juvenile grass shrimp and killifish. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 44 776-783. 

Lalande, M. and B. Pinel-Alloul. 1986. Acute toxicity of cadmium, copper, mercury and zinc to Tropocycylops prasinus mexicanus (cyclopoida, copepoda) from the Quebec lakes. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5 95-102. 

Pundir, R. 1989. Acute toxicity levels of cadmium, lead, zinc and molybdenum to the stone loach, Noemacheilus botia. Jour. Hydrobiol. 5 23-27. 

Cadmium pigments have no acute toxic effect (oral LD50, rat, > 10 g/kg). The pigments do not have any adverse effects on the skin and mucous membranes. 

Williams, K.A., Green, D.W.J., Pascoe, D. and Gower, D.E. (1986) The acute toxicity of cadmium to different larval stages of Chironomus riparius (Diptera Chironomidae) and its ecological significance for pollution regulation, Oecologia (Berlin) 70 (3), 362-366. 

Di Toro, D.M., Mahony, J.D., Hansen, D.J., Scott, K.J., Carison, A.R. and Ankley, G.T. (1992) Acid volatile sulfide predicts the acute toxicity of cadmium and nickel in sediments, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 26, 96-101. 

Chandini T. (1988) Changes in food (Clorella) levels and the acute toxicity of cadmium to Daphnia carinata (Daphnidae) and Echinisca triseiialis (Microthricidae) [Crustacea, Cladocera]. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 41(3) 398-403. 

Although copper is an essential element, it is much more toxic to cells than such nonessential elements as nickel and cadmium. Acute poisoning from ingestion of excessive amounts of copper salts, most frequently copper sulfate, results in nonspecific toxic-symptoms, a metallic taste, nausea, and vomiting (with vomitus possibly a blue-green color). The gastrointestinal tract can be damaged by ulceration. 

Normal blood Cd concentration is less than 5ng/mL, with most concentrations being in the interval of 0.5 to 2 ng/mL. Moderately increased blood Cd (3 to 7 ng/mL) may be associated with tobacco use. Acute toxicity is observed when the blood concentration exceeds 50 ng/mL. Usual daily excretion of Cd is less than 3pg/day. Collection of urine samples using a rubber catheter can result in elevated results, because rubber contains trace amounts of Cd that are extracted as urine passes through it. Brightly colored plastic urine collection containers should be avoided because the pigment in the plastic may be Cd-based. Cadmium concentrations also increase with age and may be involved with senescence. Cadmium is usually quantified by atomic absorption spectrometry, but it can also be accurately quantified by ICP-MS. ... 

---