Kosovo

Factor-Litvak P, Graziano JH, Kline JK, et al. 1991. A prospective study of birthweight and length of gestation in population surrounding a lead smelter in Kosovo, Yugoslavia. Int J Epidemiol 20 722-728. 

Murphy MJ, Graziano JH, Popovac D, et al. 1990. Past pregnancy outcomes among women living in the vicinity of a lead smelter in Kosovo, Yugoslavia. Am J Public Health 80 33-35. 

The Gulf War was the first time U.S. forces used depleted uranium rounds. M1A1, Ml, and M60 tanks fired approximately 14,000 depleted-uranium antitank rounds. Air Force A-10 tank-killer planes fired about 940,000 30-millimeter depleted uranium rounds. Depleted uranium rounds were also used by the U.S. and its North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) allies in Bosnia and Kosovo. Over 10,800 depleted uranium rounds were fired in Bosnia in 1994 and 1995, and about 31,000 depleted uranium rounds were fired in Operation Allied Force in Kosovo in 1999.7 Since depleted uranium is very abundant, it is likely that terrorists will use rounds made of this material. 

Salbu, B., Janssens, K., Lind, O. C., Proost, K. Danesi, P. R. 2003. Oxidation states of uranium in DU particles from Kosovo. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 64, 167-173. 

Amselfelder red wine from Kosovo has been investigated with respect to uranium and plutonium content using ICP-SFMS (Element). The microconcentric nebulizer Aridus (Cetac Technologies) was applied for solution introduction into the ICP source. In different red wine samples, uranium with a natural isotopic composition was found at a concentration of 0.145 0.011 Jigl-1, which corresponds to the normal uranium background concentration. Plutonium was not detected at a detection limit of 10-5p,gl-1.36... 

Danesi et al.96 applied SIMS, in addition to X-ray fluorescence imaging, by using a microbeam (p-XRF) and scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analyzer (SEM-EDXRF) to characterize soil samples and to identify small DU particles collected in Kosovo locations where depleted uranium (DU) ammunition was employed during the 1999 Balkan conflict. Knowledge of DU particles is needed as a basis for the assessment of the potential environmental and health impacts of military use of DU, since it provides information on possible resuspension and inhalation. The measurements indicated spots where hundreds of thousands of particles may be present in a few mg of contaminated soil. The particle size distribution showed that most of the DU particles were < 5 pm in diameter and more than 50 % of the particles had a diameter of < 1.5 p.m.96... 

Arditsoglou A, Samara C (2005) Levels of total suspended particulate matter and major trace elements in Kosovo a source identification and apportionment study. Chemosphere 59 (5) 669-678 (Original Research Article)... 

During the conflict in Kosovo in 1999, rumors about mass killings by Serbs spread around the world. After the fighting was over, an in-... 

Bin Laden is said to have links to the Western backed Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) which is funded in part from the narcotics business originating out of the Golden Crescent of Afghanistan and Pakistan. Drugs with an... 

Danesi, P.R., Markowicz, A., Chinea-Cano, E., Burkart, W., Salhu, B., Donohue, D., Ruedenauer, F., Hedherg, M., Vogt, S., Zahradnik, P., Ciurapinski, A. (2003). Depleted uranium particles in selected Kosovo samples. J. Environ. Radioact. 64 143-54. 

Environmental distribution of uranium and other frace elements at selected Kosovo sites. Chemosphere 56 861-5. 

Durante, M., Pugliese, M. (2003). Depleted uranium residual radiological risk assessment for Kosovo sites. J. Environ. Radioact. 64 237 5. 

Sansone, U., Stellate, L., Jia, G., Rosamilia, S., Gaudino, S., Barbizzi, S., Belli, M. (2001). Levels of depleted uranium in Kosovo soils. Radiat. Prot. Dosimetry 91 317-20. 

Ruppert L., Finkelman R., Boti E., MilosavIjevic M., Tewalt S., and Dulong F. (1996) Origin and significance of high nickel and chromium in the Pliocene Kosovo Basin lignite. Central Yugoslavia. Int. J. Coal Geol. 29, 235-258. 

As recently summarized [9], the affected territory has a shape of a rhomboid. Its longer diameter spreads over 500 km (from the Vratza municipality in Bulgaria to villages west of Slavonski Brod in Croatia), while its transversal diameter has about 300 km (from endemic foci in eastern Romania to Vitina municipality in Kosovo). The disease affects individuals who live (or used to live) in rural environment. There are spared households even in the most affected areas, leading... 

Albania, Bosnia, Cambodia, Equator, Honduras, Kenya, Kosovo, Mali, Mauritania, Moldovia, Montenegro, Niger, Serbia, and Soudan. 

Smith, R.J. (1998). Poisoned wells plague towns all over Kosovo, Aid Organizations blame Yugoslav security forces. Washington Post, December 9, 1998, p. A30. 

Smallpox provides the interesting example of the very effective vaccination program in Yugoslavia, where no cases had been seen since 1927. In 1972 a pilgrim came back to Kosovo and infected 11 friends the disease was initially not recognized having been absent for 45 years. Yugoslavia closed its borders and vaccinated 19 million people in less than 2 weeks. Entire cities were quarantined. 

In Yugoslavia, because of a very effective vaccination program, no cases were seen since 1927. In 1972 a pilgrim returned to Kosovo and infected 11 of his friends the private physicians and the staff of two hospitals did not recognize the disease, absent for 45 years several hospital wards were contaminated and Yugoslavia closed the borders and vaccinated 19 million people in 10-12 days. Entire groups and even whole cities were quarantined."... 

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