Klebsiella ozaenae

Stalker DM, KE McBride (1987) Cloning and expresssion in Escherichia coli of a Klebsiella ozaenae plasmid-borne gene encoding a nitrilase specific for the herbicide Bromoxynil. J Bacterial 169 ... 

Plant. In plants, the cyano group is hydrolyzed to an amido group which is subsequently oxidized to a carboxylic acid. Hydrolyzes to hydroxybenzoic acid (Hartley and Kidd, 1987). In plants, bromoxynil may hydrolyze to a benzoic acid (Humburg et al., 1989). Bromoxynil-resistant cotton was recently developed by inserting a bxn gene cloned from the soil bacterium Klebsiella ozaenae. This gene, which encodes a specific nitrolase, converted bromoxynil to its primary metabolite 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (Stalker et al, 1988). 

Y. A. Knirel, N. A. Kocharova, A. S. Shashkov, N. K. Kochetkov, V. A. Mamontova, and T. F. Solov eva, Structure of the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella ozaenae serotype K4 containing 3-deoxy-D-g(ycero-D-gra/acta-nonulosonic acid, Carbohydr. Res., 188 (1989) 145-155. 

Transgenic plants containing a nitrilase specific for the herbicide bromoxynil (= 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile)have also been developed [93] the Cal-gene company transformed tobacco plants with the bacterial Klebsiella ozaenae gene encoding nitrilase [94] that detoxifies the herbicide by hydrolysis (conversion of bromoxynil to 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoic acid), resulting in the establishment of the herbicide-resistant transgenic plants. 

The majority of studies of fractal geometry of bacteria and unicellular fungi (yeasts) have been performed in agar culture, in which the solidity of the medium, nutrient concentration, inhibitory chemicals and incubation conditions (temperature) have been varied. With regard to bacterial pathogens, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis. Salmonella anatum. Salmonella typhimurium and Serratia marcescens produced colonies with Dbm values between 1.7 and 1.8 [22, 23], whereas Klebsiella ozaenae had more open colonies, Dbm = 1.6 [24]. Colony morphology is dramatically affected by nutrient supply [19, 20] and nonlethal concentrations of antibiotics [5]. For example, the fractal dimension of... 

Isol. from polysialoglycoproteins of rainbow trout eggs. Constit. of Klebsiella ozaenae capsular polysaccharide antigen K4. Plays an important role in egg function by protecting the non reducing termini of polysialoglycoproteins from enzymatic attack. 

The region downstream of the catalytic Cys also allows nitrilases and cyanide hydratases to be distinguished relatively successfully. The experimentally confirmed cyanide hydratases contain an Asn residue at position 3 downstream of the catalytic Cys [5, 6], whereas most of the characterized nitrilases carry a His at this position except for a few enzymes (from A. thaliana and Klebsiella ozaenae with an Asn at the corresponding site [3]). 

Klebsiella ozaenae (bxn) Escherichia coli (gox) Pseudomonas putida Arthrobacter (pcd)... 

McBride KE, JW Kenny, DM Stalker (1986) Metabolism of the herbicide bromoxynil by Klebsiella pneumoniae subspecies ozaenae. Appl Environ Microbiol 52 325-330. 

Klebsiella pneumoniae ssp. ozaenae Bromoxynil-specific nitrilase Stalker etal. (1998)... 

The metabolism of Bromoxjmil has been studied in some microorganisms, revealing the presence of amide and acid products [3,152-154] (Figure 8). Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. ozaenae was shown to transform completely the herbicide, with the involvement of a nitrilase enzyme to... 

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