Rainbow trout eggs

The chronic aquatic effects which relate silver speciation to adverse environmental effects were studied on rainbow trout eggs and fry. The maximum acceptable toxicant concentration (MATC) for silver nitrate, as total silver, was reported to be 90—170 ng/L (43). Using fathead minnow eggs and fry, the MATC, as total silver, for silver thiosulfate complexes was reported as 21—44 mg/L, and for silver sulfide as 11 mg/L, the maximum concentration tested (27). 

The sialic acid aldolase-catalyzed condensation of D-mannose 8 and pyruvate led, in an excellent yield, to the synthesis of KDN 9 [33], a natural deaminated neuraminic acid first isolated from rainbow trout eggs [34] and then discovered in other species. The discovery that sialic acid aldolase accepts as substrates D-mannose substituted on the 2-position, even by bulky substituents such as phenyl, azido, or bromine, opened the route to novel unnatural sialic acid derivatives [35-39]. Pentoses also are substrates. N-Substituted neuraminic acids could be prepared either directly from the corresponding Af-substituted mannosamine, such as N-thioacyl derivatives [40], or after reduction and acylation of 5-azido-KDN [41]. Recently, AT-carbobenzyloxy-D-mannosamine was converted, in a good yield, into the N-carbobenzyloxy-neurarninic acid, further used as a precursor of a derivative of castanospermine [42]. 

Hirao, S., Yamada, J. and Kikuchi, R. (1955). Relation between chemical constituents of rainbow trout eggs and the hatching rate. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries 21,240-243. 

Nakagawa, H. and Tsuchiya, Y. (1971). Study of rainbow trout eggs. III. Determination of lipid composition of fatty drops and lipoproteins. Journal of the Faculty of Fisheries and Animal Husbandry, Hiroshima University 10,11-19. 

Hyllner, S.J., L. Westerlund, P.E. Olsson and A. Schopen. Cloning of rainbow trout egg envelope proteins members of a unique group of structural proteins. Biol. Reprod. 64 805-811, 2001. 

First isolation of polysialoglycoproteins (PSGP) from rainbow trout eggs and their ubiquitous occurrence in salmonidfish... 

We have recently demonstrated the enzyme activity that catalyzes the transfer of Kdn from CMP-Kdn to PSGP in the cortical alveolus fraction of the rainbow trout ovary. Analyses of the reaction product showed that this Kdn-transferase could use the nonreducing terminal NeuSAcyl of poly-Sia chains of rainbow trout egg PSGP as an acceptor substrate but could not transfer either Kdn or NeuSAc from the respective activated donor to the terminal Kdn residues on the poly-Sia chains [40]. These observations coincide with our previous view that Kdn occurs as the capping residue of the poly-Sia chains of rainbow trout egg PSGP [17]. 

Isol. from polysialoglycoproteins of rainbow trout eggs. Constit. of Klebsiella ozaenae capsular polysaccharide antigen K4. Plays an important role in egg function by protecting the non reducing termini of polysialoglycoproteins from enzymatic attack. 

Kanamori, A., Inoue, S., Iwasaki, M., Kitajima, K., Kawai, G., Yokoyama, S., and Inoue, Y, 1990, Deaminated neuraminic acid rich glycoprotein of rainbow trout egg vitelline envelope Occurrence of a novel a-2,8-linked oligo (deaminated neuraminic acid) structure in O-linked glycan chains, J. Biol. Chem. 265 21811-21819. 

---