Klaproth

Discovered by Gregor in 1791 named by Klaproth in 1795. Impure titanium was prepared by Nilson and Pettersson in 1887 however, the pure metal (99.9%) was not made until 1910 by Hunter by heating TiCk with sodium in a steel bomb. 

L. tellus, earth) Discovered by Muller von Reichenstein in 1782 named by Klaproth, who isolated it in 1798. 

Cerium was named for the asteroid Ceres, which was discovered in 1801. The element was discovered two years later in 1803 by Klaproth and by Berzelius and Hisinger. In 1875 Hillebrand and Norton prepared the metal. 

Planet Uranus) Yellow-colored glass, containing more than 1% uranium oxide and dating back to 79 A.D., has been found near Naples, Italy. Klaproth recognized an unknown element in pitchblende and attempted to isolate the metal in 1789. 

Uranium [7440-61-17 is a naturally occurring radioactive element with atomic number 92 and atomic mass 238.03. Uranium was discovered in a pitchblende [1317-75-5] specimen ia 1789 by M. H. Klaproth (1) who named the element uranit after the planet Uranus, which had been recendy discovered. For 50 years the material discovered by Klaproth was thought to be metallic uranium. Pnligot showed that the uranit discovered by Klaproth was really uranium dioxide [1344-57-6] UO2, and obtained the tme elemental uranium as a black powder in 1841 by reduction of UCl [10026-10-5] with potassium (2). 

In 1751 the Swedish mineralogist, A. F. Cronstedt, discovered a heavy mineral from which in 1803 M. H. Klaproth in Germany and, independently, i. i. Berzelius and W. Hisinger in Sweden, isolated what was thought to be a new oxide (or earth ) which was named ceria after the recently discovered asteroid, Ceres. Between 1839 and 1843 this earth, and the previously isolated yttria (p. 944), were shown by the Swedish surgeon C. G. Mosander to be mixtures from which, by 1907, the oxides of Sc, Y, La and the thirteen lanthanides other than Pm were to be isolated. The small village of Ytterby near Stockholm is celebrated in the names of no less than four of these elements (Table 30.1). 

In 1789 M. H. Klaproth examined pitchblende, thought at the time to be a mixed oxide ore of zinc, iron and tungsten, and showed that it contained a new element which he named uranium after the recendy discovered planet, Uranus. Then in 1828 J. J. Berzelius obtained an oxide, from a Norwegian ore now known as thorite he named this thoria after the Scandinavian god of war and, by reduction of its tetrachloride with potassium, isolated the metal thorium. The same method was subsequendy used in 1841 by B. Peligot to effect the first preparation of metallic uranium. 

Michael Faraday, Martin Heinrich Klaproth, and Joseph Fraunhofer. 

Martin Heinrich Klaproth (1743-1817). William Gregor (1761-1817), a minister who also dabbled in experiments, discovered a type of sand in 1791 from which a mysterious white powder could be produced. Klaproth recognized the yet-unknown element, and Henri Moissan (1852-1907) prepared pure titanium by electrolysis. 

The element was first thought to be antimony identified as the element tellurium in 1798 by Heinrich Klaproth (1743-1817). 

Jons Jakob Berzelius (1779-1848), Wilhelm Hisinger (1766-1852), and Martin Heinrich Klaproth (1743-1817) independently... 

Name Named by M. H. Klaproth after the recently discovered planetoid Ceres... 

Klaproth, Martin H., 11 398 Klatte, Fritz, 25 628 Kleiner nitric acid process, 17 186 Klosterboer-Rutledge (KR) model, 19 356 Kluveromyces lactis, 12 479 genome of, 26 450t Klystrons, 23 135-136 K-matrix methods, 14 239 Kneading process, in paper recycling, 21 439 440... 

In addition to Klaproth s pioneering work in quantitative analysis, he made a major contribution to mineralogical chemistry and discovered many elements in the process. His efforts did not go unrewarded, since he became Berlin s first Professor of Chemistry. 

Caley, E.R. (1949). Klaproth as a pioneer in the chemical investigation of antiquities. Journal of Chemical Education 26 242-247 268. 

Klaproth, M.H. (1795-1815). Beitrdge zur chemischen Kenntniss der Mineralkorpe. 6 vols. Berlin und Stettin. 

Klaproth, M.H. (1798). Memoire de numismatique docimastique. Memoires de Vacademie royale des sciences et belles-lettres, Berlin, Classe de philosophic experimental 97-113. 

Cerium (Ce, [Xe]4/ 15t/ 6.v2), name and symbol after the asteroid Ceres. Discovered (1803) by Jons Jacob Berzelius and Wilhelm Hisinger and independently by Martin Klaproth. 

Uranium (U, [Rn]5/36t/1752), name and symbol after the planet Uranus. Discovered (1789) by Martin J. Klaproth, the metal was isolated (1841) by Eugene M. Peligot. Silvery metal. 

Zirconium (Zr, [Kr]4<725s2), name and symbol from the gemstone zircon (from the Persian zargun, gold like). The element was discovered (1789) by Martin H. Klaproth, the metal first prepared (1824) by Jons Jacob Berzelius. Greyish-white metal. 

Tellurium - the atomic number is 52 and the chemical symbol is Te. The name derives from the Latin Tellus, who was the Roman goddess of the earth . It was discovered by the Roumanian mine director Franz Joseph Muller von Reichenstein in 1782 and overlooked for sixteen years imtil it was first isolated by German chemist Martin-Heiniich Klaproth in 1798. The Hungarian chemist Paul Kitaibel independently discovered tellurium in 1789, prior to Klaproth s work but after von Reichenstein. 

Titanium - the atomic number is 22 and the chemical symbol is Ti. The name derives from the Latin titans, who were the mythological first sons of the earth . It was originally discovered by the English clergyman William Gregor in the mineral ilmenite (FeTiOj) in 1791. He called this iron titanite menachanite for the Menachan parish where it was found and the element menachin. It was rediscovered in 1795 by the German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth, who called it titanium because it had no characteristic properties to use as a name. Titanium metal was first isolated by the Swedish chemists Sven Otto Pettersson and Lars Fredrik Nilson. 

Uranium - the atomic number is 92 and the chemical symbol is U. The name derives from the planet Uranus, which in Roman mythology was Father Heaven . The German chemist Martin-Heinrich Klaproth discovered the element in 1789, following the German/English astronomer William Hershel s discovery of the planet in 1781. The metal was first isolated by the French chemist Eugene-Melchior Peligot in 1841. 

Several minerals containing zirconium were known in ancient times, one of which, jacinth, is mentioned several times in the Bible. It was not until 1789 that Martin Heinrich Klaproth (1743-1817), a German analytical chemist who also discovered uranium, identified zirconium after many others before him had failed. Klaproth analyzed the mineral jargoon (ZnSiO ), as did other scientists, and found that it contained 25% silica, 5% iron oxide, and 70% zirconia. The other scientists confused zirconia with alumina (aluminum oxide, Al O ). Klaproth used more refined techniques and correctly identified the element zirconium. 

Two people are responsible for the discovery of tellurium. First, Franz Joseph Muller von Reichenstein (1743—1825), chief inspector of a gold mine in Transylvania (part of Romania), experimented with the ores in his mine between 1782 and 1783. From an ore known as aurum album, he extracted an element that, at first, was thought to be antimony. He sent a sample to Martin Heinrich Klaproth (1743—1817), who 16 years later correctly identified it as a new element and named it tellurium. However, Klaproth gave Franz Joseph Muller credit for the discovery. 

At the end of the eighteenth century, scientists thought that pitchblende was a mixture of iron and zinc compounds. In 1789 Martin Heinrich Klaproth (1743—1817) discovered a new metallic element in a sample of pitchblende, which he named uranus after the recently discovered planet. Although what he actually discovered was the compound uranous oxide (UOj), it was adequate to establish him as the discoverer of uranium. For almost a century, scientists believed that the compound uranous oxide (UO ) was the elemental metal uranium. In 1841 Eugene-Melchoir Pefigot (1811—1890) finally isolated the metal uranium from its compound. Even so, no one knew that both the compounds and metal of uranium were radioactive until 1896, when Henri Becquerel (1852—1908) mistakenly placed apiece of potassium... 

Cerium Ce 1803 (Vastmanland, Sweden) and Berlin, German Jons Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger (both Swedish) and Martin Klaproth (German) 279... 

Titanium Ti 1791 (Cornwall, England) 1793 (Berlin, Germany) Rev. William Gregor (British) Martin Klaproth (German) 90... 

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