Pyrolysis hydrotreating

Jones, S.B., Valkenburg, C., Walton, C.W. Elliott, D.C. (2009). Production of Gasoline and Diesel from Biomass via fast Pyrolysis, Hydrotreating and Hydrocracking A Design Case. PNNL-18284, U.S. Department of Energy, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA. 

Gebreslassie, B.H., Slivinsky, M., Wang, B., You, R, 2013. Life cycle optimization for sustainable design and operations of hydrocarbon biorefmery via fast pyrolysis, hydrotreating and hydrocracking. Comput. Chem. Eng. 50, 71-91. 

Howe, D., Westover, T., Carpenter, D., Santosa, D., Emerson, R., Deutch, S., Starace, A., Kutnyakov, I., Lukins, C., 2015. Field-to-fuel performance testing of lignocellulosic feedstocks an integrated study of the fast pyrolysis-hydrotreating pathway. Energy Fuels 29, 3188-3197. 

Od condensed from the released volatdes from the second stage is filtered and catalyticady hydrotreated at high pressure to produce a synthetic cmde od. Medium heat-content gas produced after the removal of H2S and CO2 is suitable as clean fuel. The pyrolysis gas produced, however, is insufficient to provide the fuel requirement for the total plant. Residual char, 50—60% of the feed coal, has a heating value and sulfur content about the same as feed coal, and its utilisation may thus largely dictate process utdity. 

The process considered is the Colony hydrotreated shale oil plant using the TOSCO II pyrolysis retort (4). In this process raw shale, crushed to 1/2" or smaller, is contacted with hot ceramic balls in a rotating drum. Downstream of the retort the balls and spent shale are separated by screening. The balls are then transported by an elevator to a vessel in which they are reheated by direct contact with hot combustion gases. The heated balls are then recycled to the rotating retort. 

Starch and Bakelite were obtained from stock supplies and were used as-received for pyrolysis studies of blends. Hydrogenated creosote was prepared in the laboratory by catalytically hydrotreating a 270°-355°C. creosote fraction to remove all heterocyclic impurities and to saturate completely the ring systems. 

Coke Formation during the Hydrotreating of Biomass Pyrolysis Oils Influence of Guaiacol Type Compounds... 

The liquefaction of solid biomass followed by hydrotreating is viewed as an attractive route to the production of petroleum like liquid fuels [1], While liquefaction processes (e.g. high pressure liquefaction or fast pyrolysis) have already been demonstrated at a relatively large scale [2], the hydroprocessing step still requires development and demonstration. 

The potentially detrimental role of guaiacols on the stability of the catalytic system during hydrotreating of pyrolysis oils from biomass was evidenced using model compound solutions. 

COED (Char Oil Energy Development, FMC Corp.)—hydrotreated pyrolysis oil, 16.6 wt % on dry Western Kentucky coal, and < 10 cP, 900°F endpoint. 

HYDROCRACKING HYDRODESULFURIZATION TOLUENE DEALKYLATION CYCLOHEXANE XYLENES ISOMERIZATION HYDROTREATING OF PYROLYSIS GASOLINE HYDROFINING... 

The feedstock consists of a mixture of C8 aromatics typically derived from catalytically reformed naphtha, hydrotreated pyrolysis gasoline oran LPG aromatization unit. The feed may contain up to 40% ethylbenzene, which is converted either to xylenes or benzene by the Isomar reactor at a high-conversion rate per pass. Feedstocks may be pure solvent extracts or fractional heartcuts containing up to 25% nonaromatics. Hydrogen may be supplied from a catalytic reforming unit or any suitable source. Chemical hydrogen consumption is minimal. 

ABB Lummus Global Benzene Toluene rich stream/pyrolysis gasoline Hydrodealkylation produces high-purity product, single-step process, no hydrotreating 29 1998... 

Pyrolysis was carried out on a feed composed of a 50/50 mixture by weight of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and hydrotreated FT wax. Yields are given in Table 13.2, showing a 385°C- - yield of 57.5 wt%. The yield for a broader lube feed, 343°C- -, was 66.0 wt%. While there was considerable 538°C- - in the feed to the pyrolyzer, there was little 538°C- - in the product, which is believed here to be advantageous for low cloud point. Oleflnicity in the pyrolysis overhead was 76 wt% by PONA analysis. The olefinic overhead liquids from the pyrolysis of both FT wax and LDPE/FT wax were analyzed using gas chromatography. This showed the cracked product to be almost entirely 1-normal olefins and normal paraffins. 

A portion of the pyrolysis bottoms was hydrotreated to reduce the nitrogen from 8 ppm to less than 1 ppm. This was then hydroisomerized to give a — 15°C pour point 3.8 cSt oil with a 150 VI (Table 13.3). The overall 343°C+ yield was 40 wt%, close to that estimated for unhydrotreated feed at the same pour point. 

Hydrotreating of pyrolysis-derived fuels is particularly desirable as a means of saturating olefinic end groups (i.e. unsaturation) and for the reduction of sulphur levels to meet... 

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