Fatty adds polyunsaturated

FIGURE 24.24 The oxidation pathway for polyunsaturated fatty adds, illustrated for linoleic add. Three cycles of /3-oxidation on linoleoyl-CoA yield the cis-A, d.s-A intermediate, which is converted to a tran.s-A, cis-A intermediate. An additional round of /S-oxi-dation gives d.s-A enoyl-CoA, which is oxidized to the trans-A, d.s-A species by acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. The subsequent action of 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase yields the trans-A product, which is converted by enoyl-CoA isomerase to the tran.s-A form. Normal /S-oxida-tion then produces five molecules of acetyl-CoA. 

Kramer, S. D., Hurley, J. A., Abbott, N. J., Begley, D. J., Lipids in blood-brain barrier models in vitro I TLC and HPLC for the analysis of lipid classes and long polyunsaturated fatty adds, submitted. 

Wilcox, A. L., and Mamett, L. J., 1993, Polyunsaturated fatty add alkoxyl radicals exist as carbon-centered epoxyallylic radicals a key step in hydroperoxide-amplified lipid peroxidation, Chem. Res. Toxicol. 6 413-416. 

Synthesis of Fatty Adds, Triacylglycerol, Phospholipids and Fatty Messengers The Roles of Polyunsaturated Fatty Adds... 

Figure 11.9 Structures of three omega-3, three omega-6 and one omega-9 polyunsaturated fatty adds. The structure of a hydrocarbon chain is sometimes presented in this manner, where each peak or trough represents a CHj group except at a double bond which links CH groups.

Harris and Lindsay (3) reported that panelists were able to detect off-flavors in reheated fried chicken after 2 hr of refrigeration. The high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty adds in muscle phospholipids supplies readily oxidizable lipids, and these components play an important role in the development of WOF (4, 5). The rising demand for precooked convenience foods has increased the importance of controlling WOF. 

ROS can cause profound damage to lipids within cell membranes through lipid peroxidation. The mechanism involves free radical-mediated abstraction of a hydrogen atom from polyunsaturated fatty adds, such as linoleic acid (Scheme 3.11). A methylene group located between two double bonds in such a... 

Schoneich C, Dillinger U, von Bruchhausen F, Asmus K-D (1992) Oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty adds and lipids through thiyl and sulfonyl radicals reaction kinetics, and influence of oxygen and structure of thiyl radicals. Arch Biochem Biophys 292 456-467 Schuchmann H-P, von Sonntag C (1981) Photolysis at 185 nm of dimethyl ether in agueous solution Involvement of the hydroxymethyl radical. J Photochem 16 289-295 Schuchmann H-P, von Sonntag C (1997) Fleteroatom peroxyl radicals. In Alfassi ZB (ed) Peroxyl radicals. Wiley, Chichester, pp 439-455... 

Arzul G, Gentien P, Bodennec G (1998) Potential toxicity of microalgal polyunsaturated fatty adds (PUFAs). In Baudimant G, Guezennec JH, Roy P, Samain IF (eds) Marine lipids. IFREMIER, Nantes, pp 53-62... 

Juttner F (2001) Liberation of 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapantae-noic acid and other polyunsaturated fatty adds from lipids as a grazer defence reaction in epilithic diatom biofilms. J Phycol 37 744-755... 

A typical American diet contains about 40% of its total energy content as fat. About half this energy is in the form of saturated fatty acids, one-fourth as monounsatu-rated fatty adds, and one-fourth as polyunsaturated fatty adds (PUFAs) (Ginsberg et dl., 1990). The quantity and nature of dietary fats carx influence the lex. d of plasma cholesterol. A reduction in total fat from the typical 40% of energy intake to 30% can result in a decrease in plasma cholesterol. 

Arbucklc, L. D, MacKinnon, M- J-, nd Innis, S. M, (1994), Formula lB 2(n-6) and l8L3(n-3) content and ratio influence long-chain polyunsaturated fatty adds in the developing piglet liver and central nervous system, /. Nutr. 124,2 -296. 

As is tile case for other aldehydes, acetaldehyde can condense with amino groups to form a Schiff base. Schiff base formation occurs in a number of pathological conditions. For example, breakdown of polyunsaturated fatty adds may generate malondialdehyde, which reacts with proteins to produce damage. To review another example, the elevated plasma glucose levels in diabetes results in an increased condensation of glucose, via a Schiff base, with various proteins in the bloodstream. Aldehyde damage to proteins has been reviewed by Stadtman (1990). 

Relationship between Vtamin E and the E ential Patty Aids Food Science and Polyunsaturated Fatty Adds References Bibliography... 

Cholesterol and Polyunsaturated Fatty Adds Inhibit Activation of SREBP... 

Fischer DR, Morgan KJ and Zabik ME (1985) Cholesterol, saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty adds, sodium, and potassium intakes of the United States population. J Am Nutr 4 207-224. 

Silver ions immobilized on the graft chains form complexes with polyunsaturated fatty add (PUFA) ethyl esters such as docosahexaenoic add (DHA) ethyl ester [112-114]. 

Kamlangdee, N. and Fan, K. W. (2003). Polyunsaturated fatty adds production by Schizochy-trium sp. isolated from mangrove. Songklanakarin. Sci. Techrwl. 25, 643-650. 

Sugano, M. and Hirahara, F. (2000). Polyunsaturated fatty adds in the food chain in Japan. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 71,189S-196S. 

Interaction of Dietary Fat and Hepatic Lipase Gene Polymorphism on HDL-C.. 12 Interactions of Apolipoprotein E (APOE) Genotype with Obesity and Alcohol... 14 Interaction of Polyunsaturated Fatty Adds (PUFA) and APOAl G-A... 

Jenkinson AM, Collins AR, Duthie SJ, Wahle KW, Duthie GG (1999) The effect of increased intakes of polyunsaturated fatty adds and vitamin E on DNA damage in human lymphocytes. FASEB J 13 2138-2142... 

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