Josephson

Josephson B D 1962 Possible new effects in superconductive tunnelling Phys. Lett. 1 251... 

Ideally a standard cell is constmcted simply and is characterized by a high constancy of emf, a low temperature coefficient of emf, and an emf close to one volt. The Weston cell, which uses a standard cadmium sulfate electrolyte and electrodes of cadmium amalgam and a paste of mercury and mercurous sulfate, essentially meets these conditions. The voltage of the cell is 1.0183 V at 20°C. The a-c Josephson effect, which relates the frequency of a superconducting oscillator to the potential difference between two superconducting components, is used by NIST to maintain the unit of emf. The definition of the volt, however, remains as the Q/A derivation described. 

M. C. Tanner andj. Josephson, "Explanation and Abductive Justification," in Proceedings of the Spring Symposium Series on Artificial Intelligence in Medicines Stanford University, Calif., Mar. 1988. 

Jacobson-Hugershofi synthesis benzothiazoles, 5, 135 Japp-KJingemann reaction JV-arylhydrazones from, 4, 337 1,2,4-triazole synthesis by, 5, 768 Jasmine lactone synthesis, 3, 847 Jasminine occurrence, 2, 626 y-Jasmolactone synthesis, 4, 674 cis-Jasmone synthesis, 1, 422, 427 Jatropham synthesis, 1, 426 Josephson junctions, 1, 359 Juliprospine... 

B. D. Josephson (Cambridge) theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effects. 

The reaction investigated by Diels and Alder in 1928 was not new, examples had been known for several years [6]. Early work on the dimerization of tetra-chloropentadienone was conducted by Zincke in 1893 and 1897. In 1906, Albrecht described the product of addition of p-benzoquinone to one or two molecules of cyclopentadiene. Albrecht assigned erroneous formulas to these addition products, but they were later shown to be typical products of the diene synthesis by Diels and Alder. Ruler and Josephson reported the addition products formed by iso-prene and 1,4-benzoquinone in 1920. This research laid the ground work for Diels and Alder. 

Other early designs of classical reversible computers included Landauer s Bag and Pipes Model [land82a] (in which pipes are used as classical mechanical conduits of information carried by balls). Brownian motion reversible computers ([benn88], [keyesTO]) and Likharev s model based on the Josephson junction [lik82]. One crucial drawback to these models (aside from their impracticality), however, is that they are all decidedly macroscopic. If we are to probe the microscopic limits of computation, we must inevitably deal with quantum phenomena and look for a quantum mechanical reversible computer. 

Josephson junctions for passive microwave devices, satellite-communication systems, and computer logic gates. 

D. V. Averim and K. K. Likharev developed a theory for describing the behavior of small tunneling junctions based on electron interactions. They had started from previous work on Josephson junctions (Likharev and Zorin 1985, Ben-Jacob 1985, Averin and Likharev 1986b) and established the fundamental features of the single-charging phenomena. Their work is based on a quantization theory and handles the tunneling phenomenon as a perturbation, described by annihilation and creation operators of a Hamiltonian. 

The theory foresees the possibility of coulomb blockade phenomenon in such junctions. Averim and Likharev had investigated the conditions of vanishing for the Josephson tunneling and demonstrated the possibility of having normal electrodes in the junction. That is, no superconducting electrodes are necessary, and, therefore, coulomb blockade is possible to observe, in principle, even at room temperature. 

Sharma AK, GB Josephson, DM Cameron, SC Goheen (2000) Destruction of pentachlorophenol using glow discharge plasma process. Environ Sci Technol 34 2267-2272. 

Sodium carboxymethylcellulose (commonly known as CMC) was introduced in 1945 by Josephson and Dahle 10) for use in ice cream. It is cold water-soluble, will not react with acid, and has excellent water-binding properties. When properly processed, it is easily dispersible and quickly soluble in the mix. These properties make it well suited for high temperature-short time (HTST) mix. When used alone, it has a tendency to cause separation or wheying off in the mix. Irish moss extract is used with CMC to eliminate this condition. From 0.15 to 0.25% CMC is most often used in ice cream mix. 

T. R. French and C. B. Josephson. Surfactant-enhanced alkaline flooding with weak alkalis. US DOE Rep NlPER-507, NIPER, February 1991. 

Johnson A.R., Josephson R. and Hawke M. (1985). Clinical and histological evidence for the presence of the vomeronasal (Jacobson s) organ in adult humans. J Otolaryngol 14, 71-79. 

Josephson, J., and Josephson, S., eds., Abductive Inference Computation, Philosophy, Technology. Cambridge University Press, 1994. 

Prasad, P. R., Davis, J. F., Jirapinyo, Y., Bhalodia, M., and Josephson, J. R., Structuring diagnostic knowledge for large-scale process systems, Comput. Chem. Eng., 22, 1897-1905 (1998). 

Roane, T.M., Josephson, K.L., and Pepper, I.L., Dual-bioaugmentation strategy to enhance remediation of cocontaminated soil, Appl Environ Microbiol, 67 (7), 3208-3215, 2001. 

Josephson, C.B. "Method and Compositions for Acidizing and Fracturing Wells," Chemical Abstracts. 101(6) 40812b(1984). 

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