Structural diagnostic

Prasad, P. R., Davis, J. F., Jirapinyo, Y., Bhalodia, M., and Josephson, J. R., Structuring diagnostic knowledge for large-scale process systems, Comput. Chem. Eng., 22, 1897-1905 (1998). 

Data Derived From Structured Diagnostic Interviews... 

A comprehensive psychiatric history and psychiatric diagnosis according to a major classification system such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 4th ed. (DSM-IV) or International Classification of Diseases, 10th ed. (ICD-10) is needed for all patients. A structured diagnostic interview may be helpful for some cases. The mortality rate associated with ECT in adults is approximately the same as that for anesthesia alone, about 1 death per 10,000 patients treated (or per 40,000 ECT treatments). 

Earls, F., Smith, E.M., Reich, W. and Jung, K.G. (1988) Investigating psychopathological consequences of a disaster in children a pilot study incorporating a structured diagnostic interview. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 27 90-95. 

The most commonly used semi-structured diagnostic scale is the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCI I) First et al., 1997). A clinical version of the SCID (SCID-CV) is designed for use in clinical settings and covers the most commonly seen diagnoses according to DSM-IV. The research version of the SCID includes ratings for different subtypes, severity and course specifiers of mental disorders. The SCLD-CV contains six modules (A) Mood Episodes (B) Psychotic Symptoms (C) Psychotic Disorders (D) Mood Disorders (E) Substance Use Disorders fF) Anxiety and Other Disorders. 

The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) is a short structured diagnostic interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10 psychiatric disorders. With an administration time of approximately 15 min, it was designed to meet the need for a short but accurate structured psychiatric interview for multicenter clinical trials and epidemiology studies, and to be used as a first step in outcome tracking in non-research clinical settings (Sheehan et al.y 1998). 

Often used in concert with mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy remains an invaluable structural diagnostic tool of particular importance to tricyclic natural products chemistry. For example, the tricyclic phenolic compound moracin P (3) was one of eight previously known compounds identified together with two new isoprenoid-substituted flavanones in isolates of the root bark of mulberry trees <89H(29)807>. In a series of studies of 6-7-5 tricyclic natural products, ID and 2D H and l3C NMR spectroscopy were employed extensively in the structure determination of sesquiterpene lactones (4)—(8) found among the aerial natural products of toxic plants (85P1378,90P551, 90P3875). 

Tandem mass spectrometry allows more structural information to be obtained on a particular ionic species, because the used ionization method yields relatively few structurally diagnostic fragments, or because its fragmentation is obscured by the presence of other compounds in the mixture introduced in the source, or because it is obscured by other ions generated from the matrix in the course of ionization. 

This ion probably loses acetylene yielding the aminotropylium ion of m/z 106, which is the most abundant fragment ion (Scheme 15). Furthermore, two less-abundant but also structurally diagnostic ions of m/z 119 and m/z 118 are also detected (Figure 10). These ions are likely produced via an initial [1,3-H] shift followed by the loss of a neutral molecule of C4H8 and then H (Scheme 16). 

M - HJ- Ion of Threonine. The [M - H] ion of threonine undergoes several reactions under MS/MS conditions. Perhaps the most structurally diagnostic reaction of threonine and threonine-containing peptides is the loss of acetaldehyde. A mechanism involving an elimination induced by intramolecular pro-ton transfer has been proposed [Eq. (10)] [38]. 

M - H]- Ion of Cysteine. A structurally diagnostic reaction for cysteine and cysteine containing peptides is the loss of H2S from their [M - H]- ions. A possible mechanism, induced by deprotonation at the a carbon of cysteine, is shown in Eq. (11) [38]. 

By considering the high structural diagnostic value of MIKE spectra, it became interesting to enhance the decomposition processes of selected ionic species in the field-free region and its collision with a target gas in a suitable cell was considered to be the most effective route (see Fig. 3.3). This represents the birth of the MS/MS methods (McLafferty, 1983). 

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