Josephson tunneling measurements

Summary. We discuss how threshold detectors can be used for a direct measurement of the full counting statistics (FCS) of current fluctuations and how to implement Josephson junctions in this respect. We propose a scheme to characterize the full counting statistics from the current dependence of the escape rate measured. We illustrate the scheme with explicit results for tunnel, diffusive and quasi-ballistic mesoscopic conductors. 

In order to elucidate this contradiction. Dynes and his group (Kouznetsov et al. 1997) measured the Josephson-pair tunneling current along the c-axis from conventional Pb superconductors across thin insulating layers into crystals or thin films of Y123. Pb is deposited across a single twin boundary of Y123 crystal, as shown in fig. 29. 

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