Josephson technology

Josephson, J., and Josephson, S., eds., Abductive Inference Computation, Philosophy, Technology. Cambridge University Press, 1994. 

Superconductivity has not only been beneficial to science and technology but also has been highly rewarding to its scientists. Thus far, Nobel Prizes in Physics have been awarded on four occasions to scientists working in this area. The first of these was for the discovery of superconductivity by Kamerlingh Onnes, awarded in 1913. In 1972 the prize went to John Bardeen, Leon Cooper, and Robert Schrieffer for the BCS theory. The following year (1973), the Prize was awarded to Brian Josephson, L. Esaki and I. Giaever for the... 

Special Report Fuel Air Explosives", Aviation Week Space Technology, pp 42—46 (19 Feb 1973) 14) L.H. Josephson,... 

Thin-fiim technology has also played an important role in developing Josephson superconducting devices, which offer outstanding advantages in constructing ultrahigh-speed computers, These are tunnel-junction type devices. 

The intrinsic sampler resolution is essentially determined by the ratio of current density to specific capacitance of a Josephson junction pulser contained in the sampling circuit. For picosecond resolution with existing helium temperature superconducting technologies, junction current densities are approaching 104 to 105 A/cm2. The upper end of this is at the limit that has presently been demonstrated for the YBaCuO superconductor itself at 77 K, so achieving such density in a junction will be a major challenge. 

Special Issue on Josephson Computer Technology, IBM Journal of Research and Development 24 No. 2, pp. 107-252 (1980). 

Special Issue Josephson Computer Technology, Bulletin of the Electrotechnical Laboratory, 48, No. 4, pp. 1-131 (1984). 

H.H. Hayakawa, Josephson Computer Technology, Physics Today 39, No. 3, 46 (March, 1986). 

In spite of well-developed classical theory, the interest to investigation of synchronization phenomena essentially increased within last two decades and this discipline still remains a field of active research, due to several reasons. First, a discovery and analysis of chaotic dynamics in low-dimensional deterministic systems posed a problem of extension of the theory to cover the case of chaotic oscillators as well. Second, a rapid development of computer technologies made a numerical analysis of complex systems, which still cannot be treated analytically, possible. Finally, a further development of synchronization theory is stimulated by new fields of application in physics (e.g., systems of coupled lasers and Josephson junctions), chemistry (oscillatory reactions), and in biology, where synchronization phenomena play an important role on all levels of organization, from cells to physiological subsystems and even organisms. 

---