Josephson, Brian

Josephson, Brian David (1940- ) was born in Cardiff, Wales and discovered the Josephson effect while a 22-year-old graduate student at the University of Cambridge. He won the Nobel Prize in physics in 1973 for... 

Brian Josephson, have made important contributions to the field. Even when bio-medical scientists do take the centre-stage, as in the case of Francis Crick, or Gerry Edelman, an immunologist, they are not necessarily known from their grounding in the basic brain sciences. An interesting feature, however, of the individuals mentioned, is that there is a high proportion of Nobel Prize Winners ... 

Superconductivity has not only been beneficial to science and technology but also has been highly rewarding to its scientists. Thus far, Nobel Prizes in Physics have been awarded on four occasions to scientists working in this area. The first of these was for the discovery of superconductivity by Kamerlingh Onnes, awarded in 1913. In 1972 the prize went to John Bardeen, Leon Cooper, and Robert Schrieffer for the BCS theory. The following year (1973), the Prize was awarded to Brian Josephson, L. Esaki and I. Giaever for the... 

In 1962 a postgraduate student, Brian Josephson, working in the University of Cambridge, and later to win a Nobel Prize, predicted that Cooper pairs should be able to tunnel through a thin (approximately 1 nm) insulating barrier from one superconductor to another with no electrical resistance [46]. This quantum tunnelling was confirmed by experiment and is known as the Josephson effect . The superconducting electronic devices exploit Josephson junctions. 

That pairs are at work in the new ceramics has been demonstrated by measurements of what is known as the Josephson effect, named after the physicist Brian D. Jo-sephson, who observed it in 1961 as a graduate student at Cambridge University in England. The Josephson effect,... 

Brian David Josephson, who won the Nobel Prize in physics in 1973 with Leo Esaki and Ivar Giaever. 

As a 22-year-old graduate student, Brian Josephson (1962) suggested that it should be possible for a current to pass between the two superconductors, even if there were no voltage difference between them. Although this behavior would be impossible classically, it could occur because of quantum mechanical tunneling of Cooper pairs across the junction. An observation of this Josephson effect was made by Anderson and Rowell in 1963. 

Leo Esaki, Ivar Giaever, Brian D. Josephson 1918 Max Planck... 

An important potential use is in logic components in high-speed computers. Josephson Junctions can switch states very quickly (as low as 6 picoseconds). Moreover they have very low power consumption and can be packed closely without generating too much heat. It is possible that computers based on such devices could operate 50 times faster than the best existing machines. The effects are named after Brian Josephson (1940- ), who predicted them theoretically in 1962. 

Josephson Effect. Another major development in understanding how superconductivity works came in 1962 when Welsh physicist Brian Josephson, a twenty-two-year-old graduate student, predicted the tunneling of electrons and Cooper pairs between linked superconductors. Within a year, experiments proved that pairs could travel across a barrier as easily as single electrons. In 1973Josephson shared the Nobel Prize in Physics with physicists Leo Esaki and Ivar Gi-aever, who had also worked on tunneling. 

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