Job-exposure matrix

Coggoii, D., Pannett, B., and Ache.son, E. D. (1984). Use of job-exposure matrix in an occupational analysis of lung and bladder cancers on the basis of death certificates. /. Natl. Cancer Inst. 72, 61-65. 

SieberWK, Sundin DS, Frazier TM, et al. 1991. Development, use, and availability of a job exposure matrix based on national occupational hazard survey data. Amer J Ind Med 20 163-174. 

A population-based case-control study on brain cancer was carried out in some areas in the United States with petroleum refining and chemical manufacturing industries (i.e., activities suspected of being associated with brain cancer) and is described in detail in the monograph on dichloromethane (see this volume). Probability, intensity, duration and calendar time of life-long individual exposures to each of six chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, including 1,1,1-trichloroethane, were assessed through an ad-hoc job-exposure matrix. Whereas risk excesses of some consistency were associated with exposure to other chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, exposure to 1,1,1-trichloroethane showed little indication of an association with brain cancer (Heineman et al., 1994). 

In traditional epidemiological studies, exposure is usually assessed by questionnaires, job titles, job exposure matrixes (conducted by occupational hygienists based... 

Bouyer, J., J. Dardenne and D. Hemon (1995). Performance of odds ratios obtained with a job-exposure matrix and individual exposure assessment with special reference to misclassification errors, Scand. J. Work Environ. Health, 21, 265-271. 

Cicioni C, London SJ, Garabrant DH, et al. 1991. Occupational asbestos exposure and mesothelioma risk in Los Angeles county Application of an occupational hazard survey job-exposure matrix. Am J Ind Med 20 371-379. 

Luce D, Gerin M, Berrino F, et al. 1993a. Sources of discrepancies between a job exposure matrix and a case by case expert assessment for occupational exposure to fonnaldehyde and wood-dust. Int J Epidemiol 22 S113-S120. 

NIOSH. 1995b. Formaldehyde numbers of potentially exposed employees. NOSE-Based Job Exposure Matrix. Am J Ind Med 20 163-174. 

Use of Exposure Data Matrices to Reconstruct Exposures. Exposure data or job exposure matrices have been used since the 1940s, and continue to be a valuable method for exposure reconstruction (Coughlin and Chiazze 1990). A job exposure matrix (JEM) aims to incorporate aU somces of available data in order to link information about job categories and likely exposures (Coughlin and Chiazze 1990). The types of information used in a JEM, if available, include exposure data, current data combined wilh otho- information extrapolated to previous job tasks or working conditions, exposure time durations, job titles, work locations or... 

Benke, G., Sim, M., Fritschi, L., Aldred, G., Forbes, A., and Kauppinen, T. (2001). Comparison of occupational exposure using three different methods Hygiene panel, job exposure matrix (JEM), and self reports. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 16, 84-91. 

Kauppinen, T., Toikkanen, J., and Pukkala, E. (1998). From cross-tabulations to multipurpose exposure information systems a new job-exposure matrix. Am J Ind Med 33, 409-417. 

Stucker I, Bouyer J, Mandereau L, et al. 1993. Retrospective evaluation of the exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Comparative assessments with a job exposure matrix and by experts in industrial hygiene. Int J Epidemiol 22(6)(Suppl. 2) S106-S112. 

Exposure assessed through occupational questionnaires and job exposure matrix, compared exposed vs unexposed... 

Table 17.1 depicts nine reports on findings of increased lung cancer incidences and mortdities in both battery and smelter workers with elevated Pb exposures and one report derived from Pb exposure monitoring analysis. These cohorts and other subjects were from Britain, Finland, Italy, Sweden, and the United States. Pb exposures were indexed by actual environmental measurements in air or measurements of Pb in blood and urine. A job-exposure matrix approach was employed in part of one study using a nested case—control approach. 

British battery plant workers Proportional mortality odds ratio (PMOR) study N = 2,073 males frequency = matched, 1926-1985 Job-exposure matrix high, N=867 low, N= 1,206 Lung cancer PMOR = 0.93 Fanning (1988)... 

British smelter workers Cohort and nested case-control studies 4,173 Zn-Pb-Cd smelter workers, >1 year employed from 1943 to 1969, born before 1940 Nested case—control N = 174 lung cancer cases, N = 2,717 controls frequency-matched on age, work start, etc. Mean PbB in Cd operation 28 igf dl furnace PbB 59 xg/dl sinter 56 ng/dl Job-exposure matrix Lung cancers and SMRs versus work years 20—29 44, SMR = 190 (138-256) 30-39 28, SMR = 142 (94-205) >40 8, SMR = 292 (126-575) Ades and Kazantzis (1988) ... 

Four Pb worker cohorts studied for incidence and mortality linked to stomach cancer yielded evidence of increased mortality from stomach cancer, and this is summarized in Table 17.2. The studies consisted of two battery factory (Fanning, 1988 Wong and Harris, 2000) and two Pb smelter (Steenland et al., 1992 Wong and Harris, 2000) cohorts. The proportional mortality odds ratio (PMOR) for the 2,073 male British battery workers studied by Fanning (1988) was 1.34 (based on 31 stomach cancer deaths). Pb exposure was assessed using a job-exposure matrix, with frequency matching by 10-year worker age bands, 1926—1985. U.S. battery workers (male A = 4,518) in the Wong and Harris report presented with an SMR of 152.8 based on 45 stomach cancer deaths. 

Heederik D et al. (1989) Chronic non-specific lung disease and occupational exposures estimated by means of a job exposure matrix the Zutphen Study. Int J Epidemiol 18(2) 382-389... 

The difficulties and uncertainties associated with the assessment of occupational or environmental dust exposures from occupational histories, job exposure matrixes or calculations from specific exposure databases have led clinicians, pathologists and epidemiologists to investigate the capacities associated with the mineralogical analysis of lung samples. 

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