Jeffreys number

A low-viscosity feed stream also influences the working of the feed zone. In this partially filled zone, material with low viscosity is not likely to be dragged properly along the channels of the screw but tends to flow on the bottom of the extruder because gravity forces predominate rather than viscous forces. A dimensionless parameter that relates gravity and viscous forces is the Jeffreys number ... 

At low filling degrees and high Jeffreys numbers the material remained basically at the bottom of the channel and was not carried over the screws. 

At low filling degrees and low Jeffreys number the material collected at the pushing flight. 

The genera] increase in injury in the severe and moderate plots is probably related to the 1974 increase in June-September dose (Figure 12-5). Tree mortality among ponderosa and Jeffrey pines was about the same in 1973 and 1974. The largest mortality was at permanent study plots in the moderate injury eatery. Perhaps the populations in these plots still retain greater numbers of the more susceptible genotypes. In earlier years, tree mortality rates for ponderosa or Je y pines in several stands suffering moderate to severe injury were 8% and 10%, respectively, from 1968 to 1972, 8% from 1969 to 1971, and 24% from 1966 to 1%9. The final cause of death of weakened trees is usually the pine bark beetle. Mortality has not been observed in tree species other than ponderosa and Jeffrey pine. 

Wildfire is a very important factor in western forest ecosystems. In the San Bernardino Mountains, the fire frequencies were determined by McBride and Laven in two stand types before and after 1893, when the area was first set aside as a forest preserve and fire protection began. Before 1893, the average interval between fires in ponderosa stands was 12 yr after 1893, it was 24 yr. The comparable numbers for Jeffrey pine stands were 16 and 38 yr. The buildup of heavy fuels due to ozone-caused mortality and fire protection results in hotter fires, and the thinning of the tree canopy results in increased rates of fire spread. Hotter fires decrease tree survival. Moisture interception by condensation in living tree crowns would decrease as the stands became thinner, thus causing some sites to be drier. ... 

It is well known that dogs track better in humid air. Rodents find buried seeds better in wet soil. This is important in arid climates. After rains, yellow pine chipmunks, Tamias amoenus, and deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus found experimentally buried seeds of Jeffrey pine, Pinus jeffreyi, and antelope bitterbrush, Purshia tridentata, better than in diy soil. The recovered number of seeds increased 27- and 15-fold, respectively. In wet soil, seeds take up water rapidly and emanate volatile organic compounds that the rodents exploit. By extension, variations in humidity in arid environments may have profound effects on olfaction-dependent behaviors such as finding food, social interactions, preying, and predator avoidance (Vander Wall 1998). 

Courtesy of Lyman C. Newell Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley, 1887-1915. English physicist whc studied the X-ray spectra of more than fifty elements and discovered the relation existing between the atomic number of an element and the frequency of the X-rays which it emits when bombarded by cathode rays. At the age of twenty-seven years he was killed while in active service at the Dardanelles. 

A number of colleagues were very kind and helpful with their advice. I would like to thank Antonio Lazcano, and Albert Eschenmoser, who in different ways helped me with their frank comments and Meir Lahav, Joseph Ribo, Jeffrey Bada, and David Deamer. Particular thanks are due to Dr. Pasquale Stano, whose help has been essenhal, particularly, but not only, with the bibliography also Rachel Fajella helped with the editing of some parts of the manuscript. I am also particularly indebted to Angelo Merante for the illustrahons and the formatting of the manuscript without him, the manuscript would shll be in my drawers. Last, but not least, I want to thank my students of the University of Rome 3, their positive feedback at the very early stages of the manuscript was very important. 

Crowley, Jeffrey S., Deb Ashner, and Linda Elam. State Medicaid Outpatient Prescription Drug Policies Findings from a National Survey, 2005 Update. Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured. Available online. URL http //www.kff.org/medicaid/upload/State-Medicaid-Outpatient-Prescription-Drug-Policies-Findings-from-a-National-Survey-2005-Update-report.pdf. Posted October 2005. The results of this survey of 36 states describe how they control Medicaid costs for prescription drugs. Some states put limits on the number of prescriptions or refills that beneficiaries may receive, but others are developing policies that do not deny benefits. They instead require clinical justification for the additional drugs. This report discusses these and other policies in some detail. 

A number of bands in common are evident. From Jeffreys... 

The hydrate structures (Figure 1.5) are composed of five polyhedra formed by hydrogen-bonded water molecules shown in Figure 2.5, with properties tabulated in Table 2.1. Jeffrey (1984) suggested the nomenclature description (ft" 1), for these polyhedra, where i is the number of edges in face type i, and tm is the number of faces with m edges. 

An extension of the MMI program [54] developed by Jeffrey et al. [55] is named MMI-CARB. This version is also adapted to the special situations which are found in oligosaccharides and reproduces the geometries of a number of model glycosides well. 

There are a number of pressure drop correlations for two-phase flow in packed beds originating from the Lockhart-Martinelli correlation for two-phase flow in pipes. These correlate the two-phase pressure drop to the single-phase pressure drops of the gas and the liquid obtained from the Ergun equation. See, for instance, the Larkins correlation [Larkins, White, and Jeffrey, AIChE J. 7 231 (1967)]... 

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