Japan, 51-63 species selection

Animal Species Selection Almost all pharmaceutical companies select animal species for preclinical studies on the basis of the results of the responsiveness of a test animal to the biological activity of a biopharmaceutical and its production of neutralizing antibodies. Such considerations are specifically applicable to biopharmaceuticals but not to new chemical entities (NCEs). This survey finding suggests that most pharmaceutical companies in Japan understand and implement the animal species selection in good accordance with ICH S6. 

A process for the production of the latter compound, via the microbial 10-hydroxylation of patchoulol (203) and subsequent oxidation of the 10-hydroxypatchoulol (204) was published [151]. From the 350 microorganisms screened, four strains of Pithomyces species carried out regio-selective hydroxylation of patchoulol to 10-hydroxypatchoulol Pithomyces sp. NRJ201 and P. chartarum NRJ210, isolated from soil situated in the neighbourhood of Kamakura, Japan, the most important ones. A method was developed by which 10-hydroxypatchoulol was obtained in 25 to 45% yields in 1- to 5-litre fermentation jars at 2 to 4 g of patchoulol per litre and isolated as pure material in 30% yields. The... 

In the nineties a process for the kinetic resolution of pantolactone by enantio-selective hydrolysis was developed by Yamada and coworkers with Fuji Chemical Industries, Japan (now Daiichi Fine Chemical) using the fungus Fusarium oxy-sporum AKU3702 [13]. Like most of the Fusarium strains and strains of the related species Gibberella, Cylindrocarpon, Penicillium, and Aspergillus, Fusarium oxysporum... 

Although the exact structure of the such active Fe-species is still needed to examine, such quality control over Fe-species in the Fe-treated Y-zeolites has been applied to the development of commercial resid hydrocracking catalysts. Cormnercial applications using the R-HYC catalyst and resid HDS units have been realized in Idemitsu, Japan, and Valero, U.S.A. [7, 8]. Idemitsu has been developing new catalysts, which contain new Fe-treated Y-zeolites and which have further improved in a hydrocracking activity and in a selectivity to middle distillates. 

Suzuki, T. et al. LC-MS/MS analysis of lipophilic toxins in Japanese Dinophysis species, in Review of selected harmful algae in the PICES region II. Dinophysis and Cochlodinium. Workshop 4, XVPICES Annual Meeting, Yokohama, Japan, October 2006, 2006. 

Shibano, M., Y. Matsumoto, G. Kusano, and T. Shibata Researches of Glycyrrhiza Species Grown at Medicinal Plant Gardens in Japan and Basic Studies for Selection of Pharmaceutically Fine Races. 1. Comparative Studies by HPLC Patterns and Constituents of Aerial parts. Nat. Med. (Jpn. J. Pharmacognosy), 50, 273 (1996) Chem. Abstr., 125, 338818 (1996). 

In the course of development research of fungicidal heterocyclic compounds, we found acaricidal activity among N-substituted carboxamide derivatives of some 5-membered heterocyclic compounds. In order to inquire into their activity, we synthesized and tested various skeletal compounds. We found that N-cyclohexyl-4,5-disubstituted thiazolidinone carboxamides have very high ovicidal and larvicidal activity against spider mites both in Panonychus and Tetranychus species (2-3). After development research for optimization, hexythiazox was selected as one of the representative compounds and introduced into the market in 1985. It is now widely used for the control of spider mites in fruits and vegetables in Europe and North America as well as in Japan. 

Bend JR, James MO, Little PJ, Foureman GL (1981) In vitro and in vivo metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene by selected marine crustacean species. In Dawe CJ (ed) Phyletic Approaches to Cancer. Japan Scientific Society Press, Tokyo, pp 179-194. 

Sekiya, S. Taniguchi, K. Tanaka, K (2008). Desalting within sample/ liquid matrix droplet and selective detection of sample ion species using liquid matrix. Poster (proceedings) of 2008 56th the Annual Conference on Mass Spectrometry, 2P-11, Tsukuba, Japan, May 14-16, 2008... 

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