Safety Japan

NUCLEAR SAFETY COMMISSION JAPAN, Safety Guide Dry Cask Storage of Spent Fuel in Nuclear Power Plants, Nuclear Safety Commission, Tokyo (Aug. 1992). 

Countries that use a positive Hst, eg, Japan, Switzerland, the former Soviet Union, and the United States, Hst ak substances akowable in flavor and foods any material not Hsted is not akowable. Any material included on a positive Hst is considered safe for its intended use. This system works wek only if there is a specific procedure to akow for the addition of new materials. In the United States there is the Food Additive Petition and the GRAS route. No new material can be used in flavor or foods unless it undergoes one of these two procedures. This assures that any new technology can be added and used after it is reviewed for safety. 

The same questions about the safety of organic flocculants have been raised ia other countries. The most drastic response has occurred ia Japan (7,77) and Swit2edand (77) where the use of any synthetic polymers for drinking water treatment is not permitted. Alum and PAC are the principal chemicals used ia Japan (7). Chitin, a biopolymer derived from marine animals, has been used ia Japan (80,81). Maximum allowed polymer doses have been set ia Prance and Germany (77). 

Y. Urano, K. Tokuhashi, S. Kondo, S. Horiguchi, and M. Iwsaka, 20th Safety Engineering Symposium, Tokyo, Japan, June 1990. 

Toxic and Hazardous Industrial Chemicals Safety Manual, The International Technical Information Institute, Tokyo, Japan, 1975. 

Japan. In Japan, registration of dmgs for aquatic species requires the same data as those required for dmgs on other animals. The Ministry of Agriculture, Eorests, and Eisheries and the Ministry of Welfare control the use of chemicals in aquaculture in Japan (17). The preclinical data requirements include product chemistry, toxicity (acute, subacute, special) using rats and mice, safety to target animals, and metaboHsm. The requirements for clinical data include avadabiHty and residues. As of July 1990, more chemicals were registered for aquacultural use in Japan than in any other country (Table 4). 

The most active -butyraldehyde derivatives are expected to be PVB, as more regions require automotive safety glass, and trimethylolpropane. Overall annual growth in -butyraldehyde through 1993 is expected to be 0.9% in the United States and 1.2% in Japan. No growth in -butyraldehyde consumption is expected in Western Europe through 1993. 

United States production and price statistics ate presented in Table 2. The demand for trichloroethylene in the United States has been shrinking sharply since 1970 because of pressures from environmental and safety legislation. Similar pressures have weakened the demand in Europe and Japan. 

N. I. Sax, ed.. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 4tli ed.. Van Nostiand Reinhold Co., New York, 1975 Toxic and Haspirdous Industrial Chemicals Safety Manual, The International Technical Information Institute, Tokyo, Japan, 1976. 

Beryllia (BeO) is an excellent heat-sink material which is presently widely used but is being phased out because it presents acute safety problems.It is being replaced by aluminum nitride which extensively produced by CVD, mostly in Japan (see Ch. 10, Sec. 2).P2]... 

Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry (1992) Biodegradation and bioaccumulation data of existing chemicals based on the CSCL Japan. Report by the Chemical Products Safety Division, October. 

Kawasaki M. 1980. Experiences with the test scheme under the chemical control law of Japan An approach to structure-activity correlations. Ecotoxicol Environ Safety 4 444-454. 

The approved color additives appear on positive lists issued by the Food and Drug Administration in the US, the EU, and Japan, but the colorants permitted in each market vary considerably. US and EU regulatory organizations provide provisional and permanent lists of approved color additives. The permanently listed additives are considered safe for use in cosmetic and toiletry products by the regulatory bodies. Provisionally listed color additives are those on which some safety studies are still to be undertaken or their test results are under review. The Japanese regulations include only a permanent list of color additives. 

Only 10 firms account for 75% of agrochemicals sales, while the 15 largest drug companies have a market share of only 33% (Stinson, 1995). About 85% of fine chemicals are manufactured by companies of the triad the United States (28%), Western Europe (39%), and Japan (17%). Italy, with 4.0 million litres reactor capacity and 71 manufacturers, topped the European fine chemicals industry (Layman, 1993). Recently India, China, and Eastern-Central European countries have gained a significant proportion of the market, as a result of the lower direct labour costs and the more relaxed environmental and safety standards. It is fair to state that the high quality of chemists in these countries has also contributed to this development. In 1993, the cost of producing fine chemicals in India was 12% below that in Europe (Layman, 1993). 

Based on the Notification of March 15,2001 and the newest Notification of June 3, 2008 from the Department of Food Safety, Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare (MHLW) of Japan. 

Based on Notification Nos. 1106001 of November 6, 2002, and 0622003 of June 22, 2006, from the Department of Food Safety of the MHLW of Japan. 

The product of sorbing hydrogen on to hot zirconium powder bums with incandescence when heated in air [1,2], Ignition and combustion properties of pyrophoric zirconium and zirconium hydride powder (< 10 p), and safety measures are discussed [3], Ignition energies for zirconium hydrides, ZrUx x = 0 — 2, in air have been studied in Japan [4],... 

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