Jack tree

One of the most attractive food colors is santalin, obtained from sandalwood. The wood of the jack tree (Artocarpus heterophyllus). also has an attractive yellow color The heartwood of sappan wood is light yellow, is bitter astringent acrid, and attributed to have many medicinal properties in Ayurvedic therapies. 

White-red-jack pine 2 -90 10% from aspen trees... 

Even that kind of information is not available for forest species. Other than chronic injury to white pine (associated with ozone, sulfur dioxide, and their mixtures), no clearly defined examples of chronic injury from ozone have been reported for eastern forests, and no information is available on PAN. It is of interest that both Virginia and jack pine appear more sensitive than white pine to acute ozone exposures, but chronic symptoms have not been observed in either species. The relationship between oxidant dose and injury in the San Bernardino Mountains area suggests that ponderosa pine is moderately to severely injured in areas that receive oxidant at above 0.08 ppm for 12-13 h each day (Chapter 12). Ponderosa pine seems to be the most sensitive western pine, but in some areas Jeffrey pine is about as sensitive. White fir, incense cedar, and sugar pine all appear more tolerant, even to the high oxidant concentrations in the San Bernardino Mountains. PAN may play some role in the chronic responses noted in the western forest species, particularly by broadleaf deciduous trees and some shrubs. 

Allelopathic interactions may occur throughout the life of a stand, but are most commonly observed during reforestation or regeneration. Allelopathy prevents some tree species from regenerating, but most regenerate in spite of it. The allelopathic plants of abandoned fields are not common forest species. In contrast, however, Douglas-fir, jack pine, black and white spruce, wild cherry, and slash and loblolly pine seedlings appear to be inhibited by species common in the forest. In such cases... 

Aberg, G., Jacks, G., Wickman, T. Hamilton, P. J. (1990). Strontium isotopes in trees as an indicator for calcium availability. Catena, 17, 1-11. 

Examination of the extracts of Eurycoma longifolia Jack., a slender small tree indigenous to Southeast Asia which has played a major role in folk medicine, led to the isolation and the characterization via spectral methods of a new quassinoid, 14p,15P-dihydroxyklaineanone (136) [143],... 

Fig. 4.10 Effects of folivory on jack pine resistance against subcortical insects a) Compromised host defenses against subcortical insects following defoliation by jack pine budworm. b) Defoliated trees also accumulate lower monoterpene concentrations during active induced responses. Light <25% Moderate 26-50% Heavy 51-75% Extreme >76% (with permission from the Ecol. Soc. America).

Fig. 4.11 Mortality of jack pine (light trees) following defoliation by jack pine budworm and subsequent stem attack by wood boring beetles. Note living (dark trees) red pines in plantations (Photo courtesy Wisconsin DNR).

SCHMUTTERER, H.,ERMEL, K., ISMAN, M.B., The tiam, sentang or marrango tree Azadirachta excelsa (Jack), in The Neem Tree, 2" Edition (H. Schmutterer, ed.), Neem Foundation, Mumbai. 2002, pp. 760-769. 

Figure 45. Typical activity-time response curve obtained by injecting a jack pine (Pinus banksiana) tree with HTO and sampling twigs as a function of time for tritium content. (Tp) Peak arrival time. From Kline et al. (1972).

Jack pine is one of the most important commercial tree species in Canada and the Lake States of USA. Its wood is moderately hard and heavy, and relative to other softwoods, of intermediate strength (Eyre and LeBarron, 1944 Hosie, 1979). It can produce merchantable stands on sites often too poor and infertile for other tree species to thrive (Cayford and McRae, 1983). It has a number of commercial applications, including pulpwood, general construction timber, railway ties, poles, pilings, mine timbers and fuel (Rudolf, 1958 Hosie, 1979 Cayford and McRae, 1983 Law and Valade, 1994). Other applications include the extraction of essential oils for aromatic agents in products such as perfumes, cosmetics and cleaners (Maries et al., 2000). 

As observed in many species, wood quality traits of jack pine appear to be more highly heritable than growth traits. Family heritability estimates for wood density of trees aged 5 to 20 range from 0.40 to 0.73, and individual heritabilities between 0.31 and 0.93 (Okwuagwu and Guries, 1980 Ernst et al. 

Jack pine may develop a taproot that is maintained into maturity. Where a distinct taproot is lacking, lateral roots may turn and grow downward in the proximity of other trees (Rudolf, 1958). On deep soils, roots may reach a depth of 270 cm or more, but more often the bulk of roots occur within the upper 46 cm (Rudolph and Laidly, 1990). 

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