Isosorbide mono

Isosorbide mono(tetradecanoate) (I66d) prevents the denaturation of ground fish during freezing.245 Mixed ether-ester-substituted isohexides (especially those of isosorbide) are used as flavor enhancers.246... 

Isosorbide mono-oleate (166i) can be used as a dispersant for carbon, titanium dioxide, and other pigments.259 2-Phosphates of fatty acid esters of isosorbide, as well as their appropriate sodium salts, are used as excellent dispersant and emulsifying agents.117... 

Optically black hydrocarbon films may be formed in aqueous media from solutions of isosorbide mono-oleate (166i) and its mono(trans-docosenoate) (166j) and phospholipids in decane.262... 

Anhydrosorbitol Esters. Eatty acid esters of anhydrosorbitol (see Alcohols,polyhydric) are the second largest class of carboxyHc ester surfactants. The important commercial products are the mono-, di-, and triesters of sorbitan and fatty acids (Table 18). Sorbitan is a mixture of anhydrosorbitols, principally 1,4-sorbitan (1) and isosorbide (2) ... 

A series of sorbitol-based nonionic surfactants are used ia foods as water-ia-oil emulsifiers and defoamers. They are produced by reaction of fatty acids with sorbitol. During reaction, cycHc dehydration as well as esterification (primary hydroxyl group) occurs so that the hydrophilic portion is not only sorbitol but also its mono- and dianhydride. The product known as sorbitan monostearate [1338-41 -6] for example, is a mixture of partial stearic and palmitic acid esters (sorbitan monopalmitate [26266-57-9]) of sorbitol, 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol [154-58-8] 1,4-sorbitan [27299-12-3] and isosorbide [652-67-5]. Sorbitan esters, such as the foregoing and also sorbitan monolaurate [1338-39-2] and sorbitan monooleate [1338-43-8], can be further modified by reaction with ethylene oxide to produce ethoxylated sorbitan esters, also nonionic detergents FDA approved for food use. 

In an analogous manner, the selectively obtained exo mono-benzylated isosorbide [58] was alkylated by reaction with alkyl dibromides to afford new ethers from dian-hydrohexitols moieties separated by ether functions (Eq. 39 and Tab. 5.16) [59]. 

Isohexide mono- (10-13), as well as di-, nitrates (14-16) show a weak, positive dichroic band at 265 nm (n— D transition) and a second, stronger one near 228 nm, which is positive for endo-R-nitrato and negative for exo-S-nitrato groups. For isosorbide dinitrate (14), both dichroic bands are positive.12,13... 

Some special esters of isohexides (prepared conventionally, however) have been described, including diesters of several long-chain fatty acids121,122 and dicarboxylic acids,123 isomannide-mono-oleate,124 isosorbide dinicotin-ate,125 and perfluorinated long-chain fatty acid diesters of isosorbide and isomannide.126 Bis(chloroformate)s of isosorbide and isomannide, and the... 

Attempts to achieve favored monoalkylation have always resulted in mixtures of starting material and mono- and di-alkylation products. The situation is further complicated in the case of isosorbide as the substrate two different mono-ethers are formed, corresponding to the 2(exo) and 5(endo) positions. Thus, in contrast to a regioselective monoacylation,104 a similar monoalkylation of isosorbide has not as yet been observed. 

Reaction of 91 with methacrylic acid gives rise to double unsaturated side-chain compounds (93) these were subjected to polymerization.185 Subjecting isosorbide to etherification with a, m-dihaloalkanes, mono- and dialkyl derivatives were obtained. These could not be transformed into polyethers. The use of tram-1,4-dichlorobutene lead to oligomers up to the... 

The telomerization of butadiene was performed in molten isosorbide with 0.5 mL of a 0.5 M NaOH solution added to ensure the solubility of the TPPTS ligand and Pd(OAc)2 as palladium precursor. Similar to the experiments performed by same group on glycerol (vide supra), butadiene was fed to the reaction continuously at atmospheric pressure. The two linear mono-telomers and the di-telomer were obtained as major products, with very little formation of the branched isomers (<3%) (Scheme 16). 

Concentration profiles showed the mono-telomers to be the primary products, with the exo-2-hydroxy group being more reactive than the more shielded and hydrogen-bonded endo-5-hydroxy group. With continuous addition of butadiene, a final yield of 60% di-telomer was obtained after 24 h. If the reaction was run with 5 eq. of butadiene loaded in the reactor, but without base, mono-telomer selectivity was 97% after 2 h at 68% conversion. Addition of an NaOH solution resulted in complete conversion of isosorbide, accompanied by a large increase in di-telomer formation (up to 60%). Isomannide and isoidide gave almost exclusively the mono-telomer under aqueous biphasic conditions at more or less the same conversion levels (around 60%). Competitive reactions between isomannide and isoidide in DMSO and water showed improved reactivity of the exo-hydroxy group in aqueous media. 

The effects of amlodipine and isosorbide-5-mono-nitrate for 3 weeks on exercise-induced myocardial stunning have been compared in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study in 24 patients with chronic stable angina and normal left ventricular function (4). Amlodipine attenuated stunning, evaluated by echocardiography, significantly more than isosorbide, without difference in anti-ischemic action or hemodynamics. Amlodipine was better tolerated than isosorbide, mainly because of a lower incidence of headache (4). 

Isosorbide-5-mononitrate, C(H,N04, Elan tan, Imdur, 1SMO, Monicor, Mon it, Mono.Cedocard, Monoket, Mono Mack, bfonosorb, Olicant, Pentacnrd. Metabolite of isosorbide dinitratf-therap CAT Anti-anginat. 

DIAN. See Bisphenol A Dianal. See Acrylic resin 1,4 3,6-Dianhydro-2,5-di-0-methyl-D-glucitol. See Dimethyl isosorbide 1,4 3,6-Dianhydro-D-glucitol monolaurate. See Isosorbide laurate (Z)-Dianhydro-D-mannitol, mono-9-octadecenoate Dianhydromannitol monooleate D-Dianhydromannitol monooleate. See Mannide monooleate 1,4 3,6-Dianhydrosorbitol 2,5-dinitrate. See Isosorbide dinitrate 1,2 3,4-Dianhydro-DL-threitol. See DL-Diepoxybutane p,p -Dianiline. See Benzidine 1,4-Dianilinobenzene. See N,N -Diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine... 

Diacetyi tartaric acid esters of mono- and digiycerides Sucrogiycerides Sucrose fatty acid esters Tricaprin carrier, coiors nutritionai formuias Propyiene giycoi dicaprate carrier, cosmetic soiutions Dimethyi isosorbide... 

Isosorbide Dinitrate, Isosorbide-2-mononitrate, and Isosorbide-5-mono-nitrate by Gas-Liquid Chromatography... 

Isosorbide 2-O-monoethers Isosorbide 2-O-monoesters Isosorbide 2-O-mono-. o ft o-"" carbamates [exo series] ... 

The Pd/TPPTS catalyzed telomerization reaction efficiently allows the synthesis of mono- and diethers with good yields in water or in an organic solvent for each substrate. The use of water/oil phase biphasic conditions allowed the selective synthesis of monoethers (94% selectivity for isosorbide). As isosorbide is a non-symmetric diol, the reactivities of the two hydroxyl groups are different according to the reaction conditions. In water, 2-0-monooctadienyl ethers are the major products whereas in DMF, the 5-O-monooctadienyl ethers are the major products. 

The oldest class of clinically used NO donors are the organic nitrates (R-ONO2) (Fig. 20.3), which are nitric acid esters of mono and polyhydric alcohols, including glyceryl trinitrate (GTN A.l), pentaerithrityl tetranitrate (PETN A.2), isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN A.3), and isosorbide-5-mononitrate (ISMN A.4). Metabolites of GTN, viz., glyceryl mononitrate (GMN) and glyceryl dinitrate (GDN), are pharmacologically active, but less potent than GTN. 

Trade Names Aerosol AY-65 Aerosol AY-100 1,4 3,6-Dianhydro-2,5-di-0-methyl-D-glucitol. See Dimethyl isosorbide 1,4 3,6-Dianhydro-D-glucitol monolaurate. See Isosorbide laurate (Z)-Dianhydro-D-mannitol, mono-9-octadecenoate DianhydromannKol... 

Glycerol monoesters (C14-C22), separation by alkyl chain length di- and triesters also resolved, as well as glycerol, diglycerol, and free fatty acids Glycerol mono-, di- and triesters (Ci6-C,g), separation by alkyl chain length isomer separation, resolution of free fatty acids Sorbitan laurate resolution of sorbitol, 1,4-sorbitan, l,4 3,6-isosorbide, their monolaurates, and free lau-ric acid... 

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