Isopropanol-butanol-ethanol

Dusseaux, S., Croux, C., Soucaille, P., and Meynial-Salles, I. (2013) Metabolic engineering of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 for the high-yield production of a biofuel composed of an isopropanol/butanol/ethanol mixture. Metab. Eng., 18, 1-8. 

Lee J, Jang Y-S, Choi SJ, Im JA, Song H, Cho JH, Seung DY, Papoutsakis ET, Bennett GN, Lee SY. (2012). Metabolic engineering of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 for isopropanol-butanol-ethanol fermentation. Appl Environ Microbiol, 78,1416-1423. 

Sass C, Walter J, Bennett GN (1993) Isolation of mutants of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824. Curr Microbiol 26 151-154 Sauer U, Diirre P (1995) Differential induction of genes related to solvent formation during the shift from acidogenesis to solventogenesis in continuous culture of Clostridium acetobutylicum. FEMS Microbiol Lett 125 115-120 Schneider Z, Larsen EG, Jacobson G, Johnson BC, Pawelkiewicz J (1970) Purification and properties of glycerol dehydrase. J Biol Chem 245 3388-3396 Schoutens GH, Groot WJ (1985) Economic feasibility of the production of isopropanol-butanol-ethanol fuels from whey permeate. Process Biochem 20 117-121... 

Absorption is widely used as a raw material and/or product recovery technique in separation and purification of gaseous streams containing high concentrations of VOC, especially water-soluble compounds such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, acetone, and formaldehyde. Hydrophobic VOC can be absorbed using an amphiphilic block copolymer dissolved in water. However, as an emission control... 

This Crude product (15.8 g) In water (360 ml) was added to a prehydrogenated suspension of 10% palladium on charcoal (4 g) in water (400 ml), and hydrogenation was continued for 30 minutes. The catalyst was removed and the filtrate was adjusted to pH 7.5 with sodium bicarbonate, then evaporated at low temperature and pressure. The residue was purified by chromatography on a column of cellulose powder, eluting first with butanol/ ethanol/water mixture and then with acetone/isopropanol/water. The main fraction was evaporated at low temperature and pressure to give a 32% yield of the sodium salt of a-carboxybenzylpenicillin as a white powder. The product was estimated by manometric assay with penicillinase to be 58% pure. 

Acetone-butanol Acetone, butanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butyric acid, acetic acid, C02, H2 Some Clostridium spp. (C. acetobutyicum)... 

The membranes used for ethanol purification are also suitable for dehydration of many other organic solvents, including methanol, isopropanol, butanol, methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, and chlorinated solvents. Commercial units use up to 12 stages with reheating between stages, and product water contents lower than 100 ppm can be obtained. 

Hydrochloride. CnH CljN, Amprol. Crystals from methanol + ethanol, dec 248-249°. Freely sol in water, methanol, 95% ethanol, dimethylformamide. Sparingly sol in abs ethanol. Practically insol in isopropanol, butanol, dioxane, acetooe, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, isooctane. pH ol 10% aq soln 2.S-3.0. 

Figure 3.16. Two-dimensional separation of the components of a coal derived gasoline fraction using live switching. Column A was 121 m open tubular column coated with polyfethylene glycol) and column B a 64 m poly(dimethylsiloxane) thick film column. Both columns were temperature programmed independently taking advantage of the two-oven configuration. Peak identification 1 = acetone, 2 = 2-butanone, 3 = benzene, 4 = isopropylmethyUcetone, 5 = isopropanol, 6 = ethanol, 7 = toluene, 8 = propionitrile, 9 = acetonitrile, 10 = isobutanol, 11 = 1-propanol, and 12 =l-butanol. (From ref. [195] Elsevier).

PEG 400, propylene glycol, glycerine, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, isobutanol, pentanol, hexanol, heptanol, octanol sorbitol, and Cremophor RH40 (polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castrol oil). 

Acetone, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, dioxane, ethyl phenyl ether... 

Kohn [23] Tyrosine Desamino tyrosine Succinic acid, glutaric acid, diglycolic acid, adipic acid, 3-methyl adipic acid, suberic acid, dioxaoctanedioic acid, or sebacic acid Methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, isobutanol, sec-butanol, hexanol, octanol, dodecyl, or phenol... 

Efforts were also centered on the search for a practical solvent system that will exhibit an LCST with poly(methyl methacrylate) PMMA and poly(vinyl acetate) PVA. Results are recently being presented in the hterature (Caneba et al., 2009). For the PVA/solvent system, no LCST data were reported in the hterature, except for a citation on LCST behavior for partially hydrolyzed PVA in water. Cloudpoint experiments on PVA with mixtures of alcohol (ethanol, isopropanol, -butanol, t-butanol) and water resulted in LCST behavior below 97°C. 

The Table 5.4 data suggest that the density and volume shrinkage of the aerogels increase and the porosity decreases in the following order of alcohols used isopropanol < methanol < ethanol < propanol < isobutanol < butanol < hexanol. Isopropanol and methanol definitely produce the best aerogels. The chain length of the hydrocarbon end... 

Hiu SF, Zhu C-X, Yan R-T, Chen J-S (1987) Butanol-ethanol dehydrogenase and butanol-ethanol-isopropanol dehydrogenase different alcohol dehydrogenases in two strains of Clostridium beijerinckii (Clostridium butylicum). Appl Environ Microbiol 53 697—703... 

ATCC 25732 Will produce solvents isopropanol, butanol, and ethanol... 

Figure 1 NMR spectra of gaseous f-butanol (A), isopropanol (B), ethanol (C), and methanol (D) at their respective vapour pressures at 421.8 K. Reprinted from Chauvel JP Jr and True NS (1985) Gas-phase NMR studies of alcohols. Intrinsic acidities. Chemical Physics 95 435-441, 1985, with permission from Elsevier Science.

By a similar reaction ethanol gives acetaldehyde (tests, p. 341) and isopropanol gives acetone (tests, p. 345). -Butanol gives butyr dehyde (pleasant characteristic odour and precipitate with 2,4-dinitrophenyl-hydrazine, m.p. 122 ). 

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