Isonicotinic acid hydrazide

Dipping solution Dissolve 1 g isonicotinic acid hydrazide (4-pyridinecarboxylic acid hydrazide, isoniazide) in 100 ml ethanol and add 500 gl trifluoroacetic acid [1] or 1 ml glacial acetic acid. 

Spray solution Dissolve 0.8 g isonicotinic acid hydrazide in 200 ml methanol and add 1 ml hydrochloric acid (25%) [6] or glacial acetic acid [2]. 

Isonicotinic acid hydrazide forms fluorescent hydrazones with ketosteroids. 

Therapeutic Function Antitubercular Chemical Name 4-pyridinecarboxylic acid hydrazide Common Name Isonicotinic acid hydrazide Structural Formula ... 

Methyl acrylate, 28.0 g (0.4 mol) was added dropwise during one hour to a solution containing 54.8 g (0.4 mol) of isonicotinic acid hydrazide (isoniazid) and 10 ml of glacial acetic acid in 400 ml of tertiary butyl alcohol. The resulting solution then was heated for 18 hours on a steam bath. Concentration of the reaction mixture to 100 ml yielded 13.0 g of unreacted isonicotinic acid hydrazide. The filtrate was concentrated to a thick syrup which was triturated... 

Isonicotinic acid hydrazide reagent 318 Isoprenaiine 395,396 Isoprenoid compounds 44 Isopulegol 59 Isoquercitrin 279, 280, 323 Isoquinoline alkaloids 46, 66, 262 Isorhamnetin 323 Isothiazolones, microbiocidal 45 Isothiocyanates 75 Isotopes, j8-radiation-emitting 41 -, detection limits 41 Itaconic acid 61... 

Van Zyl JM, BJ van der Walt (1994) Apparent hydroxyl radical generation without transition metal catalysts and tyrosine nitration during oxidation of the anti-tubercular drug, isonicotinic acid hydrazide. Biochem Pharmacol 48 2033-2042. 

Complexes (65) and (66) result from the reaction of IrCl3 with inah and PPh3 (inah = isonicotinic acid hydrazide).92 Reaction of Troger s base (tb) (67) with IrCl3 yields dark violet tb 2IrCl3 (6S).93 (68) was not catalytically active towards the hydrosilylation of alkynes. 

The reaction of a primary amine with lactose is accompanied by a browning of the solids, and the path of such reactions is easily following by means of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. For instance, the reaction of isonicotinic acid hydrazide (Isoniazid) with lactose could be followed through changes in the reflectance spectrum [31]. As may be seen in Fig. 4, a steady decrease in reflectance was noted as the sample was heated for increasing amounts of time. The spectral data were used to deduce the rate constants for the browning reaction at various heating temperatures, and these rates could be correlated with those... 

Fig. 4 Reflectance spectra of the reaction products formed when isonicotinic acid hydrazide (Isoniazid) reacts with lactose. Reflectance spectra are shown for (A) the initially prepared material, and for samples illuminated for (B) 4 hours, (C) 10 hours, (D) 21 hours, and (E) 44 hours. (Data adapted from Ref. 31.)...

A colorimetric assay of griseofulvin, based on the yellow-orange color (Xmax=420 nm) which develops when griseofulvin is heated with isonicotinic acid hydrazide in alkaline medium has been described by Unterman (35) and the mechanism investigated by Unterman and Duca (36). 

The organism is competitively inhibited by isonicotinic acid hydrazide, but not by deoxypyridoxine. The deoxypyridoxine results confirm those observed by others (K2a). Recovery of vitamin B6 added to biologic... 

A study of the effects of administering isonicotinic acid hydrazide to 173 tuberculosis patients for 3 months resulted in the following observations no toxicity, 62 per cent increased reflexes, 13 per cent tremor of limbs, 12 per cent twitching of legs, 1 per cent drowsiness, 8 per cent difficulty in urination, 2 per cent constipation, 5 per cent nervousness, 2 per cent flushing of face, 2 per cent skin rashes, 2 per cent.41... 

B. J. van der Walt, J. M. van Zyl, A. Kriegler, Different Oxidative Pathways of Isonicotinic Acid Hydrazide and Its Meta-Isomer, Nicotinic Acid Hydrazide , hit. J. Biochem. 1994, 9, 1081-1093. 

An example of the application of a hydrazide in this general s5mthesis, amongst others 91, 391, 392, 416), is the reaction of isonicotinic acid hydrazide and cyanoguanidine in the presence of acid to yield isonico-tinoylaminobiguanide [C5H4CO NHNH C( NH) NHC NH) NHg] 391, 392, 416). Long-chain fatty acid hydrazides react similarly (655). 

Acylaminobiguanides are cyclised by alkalis without difficulty, with loss of water, to 5-guanidino-l,2,4-triazoles. Their interaction with formic acid affords the expected guanamines in the majority of examples 391, 392) (see also Section VII, I). Contrary to a previous claim 91), isonicotinic acid hydrazide dihydrochloride and cyanoguanidine do not give the biguanide under neutral conditions, but form merely a molecular adduct of the reactants 416). 

The performance of the activated sludge process for the treatment of wastewater from a synthetic drug factory, has been reported [14,15,45]. One of the biggest plants of its kind in Asia, M/S Indian Drugs and Pharmaceutical Ltd., Hyderabad, went into production in 1966 to make sulfa drugs such as sulfanilamides antipyretics (phenacetin), B-group vitamins, antimbercular drugs (isonicotinic acid hydrazide) and antihelminthics, and so on. 

Kelly MG et al Comparative carcinogenic-ity of -isopropyl- -(2 -methylhydrazino)-p-tolu-amide HCl (procarbazine hydrochloride), its degradation products, other hydrazines, and isonicotinic acid hydrazide. J Natl Cancer Inst 42 337-344, 1969... 

Isoniazid Isoniazid, isonicotinic acid hydrazide (34.1.1), is synthesized by reacting ethyl ester of isonicotinic acid with hydrazine [1-5]. 

Isoniazid (isonicotinic acid hydrazide, or INH) is the most active drug for the treatment of tuberculosis caused by susceptible strains. It is a synthetic agent with a structural similarity to that of pyridoxine. 

Drug-induced niacin deficiency has resulted from the use of isonicotinic acid hydrazide, which interferes with the conversion of niacin from tryptophan. Administration of ethanol or the antimetabolites 6-mercaptop-urine and 5-fluorouracil also may lead to niacin deficiency. The uricosuric effects of sulfinpyrazone and probenecid may be inhibited by nicotinic acid. 

Condensation of isoniazid (isonicotinic acid hydrazide) with any a" -3-ketosteroid in acidic medium affords a yellow color conjugate, allowing the determination of 10-40 pg of the steroid [73]. The reagent is prepared by dissolving 0.8 g of isoniazid in 100 mL of methanol containing 1 mL of concentrated HCl, and then 12.5 mL of this solution is further diluted to 100 mL with methanol. To a 2 mL methanolic sample solution of the 3-ketosteroid is added 2 mL of the reagent. The mixture is allowed to stand at room temperature for an hour, and then the absorbance of the resulting colored solution is measured at 380 nm. In a 1 cm spectrophotometer cell, an absorbance of 0.3 will be produced by 42 pg of cortisone, 34 pg of prednisolone, 29 pg of prednisone, or 32.5 pg of dexamethasone [72]. 

Sastry et al. used iodine and isonicotinic acid hydrazide for the spectrophotometric determination of diloxanide furoate in tablets and in syrups [30]. Powdered tablets or syrup were dissolved in methanol and hydrolyzed under reflux with dilute hydrochloric acid. The mixture was cooled, and excess HCI removed under vacuum. The hydrolysate was dissolved in and diluted with water. Iodine solution and the isoniazid solution were added at two minute intervals to a potassium h) drogen phthalate/HCl buffer solution (pH 3), and diluted with water. The solution was set aside for 10 minutes, whereupon the absorbance was measured at 630 nm against a reagent blank. 

Mechanism of Action An isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) derivative that inhibits my-colic acid synthesis and causes disruption of the bacterial cell wall and loss of acid-fast properties in susceptible mycobacteria. Active only during bacterial cell division. Therapeutic Effect Bactericidal against activelygrowingintracelleluar and extracellular susceptible mycobacteria. 

GABA synthesis inhibitors act on the enzymes involved in the decarboxylation and transamination of GABA. Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), the first enzyme in GABA biosynthesis, is inhibited easily by carbonyl reagents such as hydrazines [e.g., hydrazinopropionic acid (4.164) or isonicotinic acid hydrazide (4.165)], which trap pyridoxal, the essential cofactor of the enzyme. A more specific inhibitor is allylglycine (4.166). All of these compounds cause seizures and convulsions because they decrease the concentration of GABA. 

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