Pyrazinamide Isoniazid

Combination antituberculosis agents isoniazid/pyrazinamide/rifampin... 

Aminosalicylic acid - Cycloserine - Ethambutol - Ethionamide - Isoniazid - Pyrazinamide Rifampin... 

The drugs used to treat TB include capreomycin, cycloserine, ethambutol, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, rifabutin, rifampicin and streptomycin. Resistance is most likely with long courses of treatment of antimicrobial agents and treatment courses are six (or even nine) months long. 

Antituberculosis drugs ethambutol isoniazid pyrazinamide rifampicin streptomycin COMPLEMENTARY DRUG thioacetazone... 

All short-course regimens include isoniazid, pyrazinamide and rifampicin. After extensive clinical trials, the following three have been found satisfactory ... 

Rifater isoniazid, pyrazinamide rosiglitazone Avandamet, Avandia... 

Patients with CNS tuberculosis usually are treated for longer periods (9 to 12 months instead of 6 months) (Table 110-4). In general, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethionamide, and cycloserine penetrate the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) readily, but rifampin, ethambutol, and streptomycin have variable CNS penetration." Of the quinolones, levofloxacin may be preferred based on current data. Extrapulmonary TB of the soft tissues can be treated with conventional regimens. 

Data are not available for dosing the TB drugs in patients with morbid obesity." Relatively hydrophilic drugs (isoniazid, pyrazinamide, the aminoglycosides, capreomycin, ethambutol, p-aminosalicylic acid, and cycloserine) can be dosed initially based on ideal body weight... 

A) Amikacin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, streptomycin Ciprofloxacin, cycloserine, isoniazid, PAS Ethambutol, isoniazid, rifabutin, streptomycin Ethambutol, pyrazinamide, rifampin, streptomycin Isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol... 

On her release from hospital, the patient is advised not to rely solely on oral contraceptives to avoid pregnancy since they may be less effective while she is being maintained on antimycobacterial drugs. The agent most likely to interfere with the action of oral contraceptives is (A) Ethambutol Isoniazid Pyrazinamide Rifampin Streptomycin... 

It may be used alone to clear the sputum of mycobacteria within a span of 12 weeks in many cases, but bacterial resistance usually takes place in 35% of cases, and thus leading to frequent relapses. Therefore, it is employed in combination with isoniazid, pyrazinamide, cycloserine or ethionamide-such relapses are uncommon. 

Hepatotoxicity can occur with several antituberculous drugs including ethionamide, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and rifampicin and high alcohol consumption/chronic alcoholism has been reported to increase the risk. However, one study in patients with active tuberculosis taking rifampicin and pyrazinamide, found that of the 14 patients who developed hepatotoxicity, only 5 of these reported alcohol use (not quantified), and alcohol was not found to be associated with an increased risk of hepatotoxicity. Similarly, another study found that alcohol consumption was not a risk factor for antimycobacterial-induced hepatotoxicity. ... 

Isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol appear not to interact with zidovudine. 

Rrst-line drugs Streptomycin Isoniazid Pyrazinamide Rifampicin Ethambutol... 

The international pharmacopoeia recently also pub-hshed an HPLC assay for ethambutol combined with iso-niazid and pyrazinamide using a stainless steel Cjg column (15 cm X 4.6 mm). The mobile phase for this method is a solution prepared as follows dissolve 50 g ammonium acetate and 0.2 g copper(ll) acetate in 1000 ml of water and adjusted to pH 5.0 with glacial acetic acid. 940 ml of this solution is mixed with 60 ml methanol. The HPLC is operated at a flow rate of 2.0 ml/min. The detector is an ultraviolet spectrophotometer set at a wavelength of about 270 nm and 20 jl1 of the solutions are injected. The assay is not valid unless the resolution between the isoniazid peak (the peak with the shorter retention time) and the ethambutol hydrochloride peak is at least 10 (see Fig. 2) and the resolution between the isoniazid and pyrazinamide peaks is at least 2. The relative standard deviation for the peak areas of isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol hydrochloride, eluting in this order, is less than 2.0%. 

FDC PRODUCTS—RIFAMPIN, ISONIAZID, PYRAZINAMIDE, AND ETHAMBUTOL HCL... 

The treatment of tuberculosis still largely relies on the use of rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol HCl. Although the chromatographic analysis of these drugs is well established, the recently notified USP gradient HPLC method for quantitative determination of rifampicin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide in fixed-dose combination (FDC) formulations has enhanced our analytical capability to ensure the quality of these products. 

WHO. International pharmacopoeia monograph on rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol hydrochloride tablets. Working document QAS/04.097 rev Oct 05. Quality Assurance Safety Medicines (QSM), Department of Essential Drugs and Medicines Policy (EDM). WHO Geneva, October, 2005. 

Unsalan, S. Sancar, M. Bekce, B. Clark, P.M. Karagoz, T. Izzettin, F.V. RoUas, S. Therapeutic monitoring of isoniazid, pyrazinamide and rifampicin in tuberculosis patients using LC. Chromatographia 2005, 61 (11-12), 595-598. 

An alginate-based nanoparticulate delivery system was developed for frontline antituberculosis dmgs (rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol). Alginate nanoparticles were prepared by controlled cation-induced gelification and administered orally to mice. The drug levels were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in plasma and tissues. The therapeutic efficacy was... 

Many antitubercular drugs [9] such as isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethionamide, and ethambutol are fragment like (Figure 25.3) and this gave us an opportunity to use them as daughters. 

Figure 25.3 Antitubercular agents small fragment-like molecules used as drugs (isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethionamide, and ethambutoi) bedaquiline is recently approved for the treatment of multidrug-resistant TB PA824 and SQ109 are in clinical trial.

Drug-Drug interaction A study evaluating the safety of co-adnxinistration of TDF, EFV and FTC with TB treatment (rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol) found slightly higher AUCo-24 for three agents when... 

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