Iron plasma-mass spectrometry

Technetium has been determined in seawater by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after preconcentration by coprecipitation with iron hydroxide [33]. 

The primary and immediate need is for a trace metal reference material, but a certified reference material would provide even greater benefits. A technique based on isotope dilution with detection by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) (Wu and Boyle, 1998) most clearly meets the traceability criteria required for a certified reference material. Although useful for iron and several other metals, isotope dilution is not possible for monoisotopic elements like cobalt, so other techniques must also be used. Indeed, it is advisable that several techniques be used to certify a trace metal reference material. 

Wu, J.F., and E.A. Boyle. 1998. Determination of iron in seawater by high-resolution isotope dilution indutively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after Mg(OH)(2) coprecipitation. Analytica Chimica Acta 367(1-3) 183-191. 

Stuhne-Sekalec, L.,Xu, SX., Parkes, J.G., Olivieri, N.F. and Templeton, D.M. (1992) Speciation of tissue and cellular iron with on-line detection by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Anal. Biochem., 205, 278-284. 

Metals contained in samples are determined by a wide variety of analytical methods. Bulk metals, such as copper in brass or iron in steel, can be analyzed readily by chemical methods such as gravimetry or electrochemistry. However, many metal determinations are for smaller, or trace, quantities. These are determined by various spectroscopic or chromatographic methods, such as atomic absorbance spectrometry using flame (FAAS) or graphite furnace (GFAAS) atomization, atomic emission spectrometry (AES), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), x-ray fluorescence (XRF), and ion chromatography (IC). 

C. F. Harrington, S. Elahi, S. A. Merson, P. Ponnampalavanar, A method for the quantitative analysis of iron speciation in meat by using a combination of spectrophoto-metric methods and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to sector t>eld inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Anal. Chem., 73 (2001), 4422D4427. 

Niemela, M., Peramaki, P., Kola, H., Piispanen, J. Determination of arsenic, iron and selenium in moss samples using hexapole collision cell, inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta 493, 3-12 (2003)... 

These results showed that RQ can be used as a cold tracer of FQ. Indeed, in erythrocytes infected with P. falciparum, many molecules contain atoms of iron iron is the main component of red blood cells, but it is also present in the heme, in the hematin and hemozoin. The use of a probe is necessary to study the cellular accumulation of FQ. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry... 

Devos, W, Senn-Luder, M., Moor, C., Salter, C. (2000) Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) for spatially resolved trace analysis of early-medieval archaeological iron finds Fresenius . Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 366(8), 873-880. 

Wagner, B., Garbos, S., Bulska, E., Hulanicki, A. (1999) Determination of iron and copper in old manuscripts by slurry sampUng graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Spectrochimica Acta Part B, 54, 797-804. 

Chen, K.L. and Jiang, S.J. (2002) Determination of caldiun, iron and zinc in milk powder by reaction cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta, 470, 223-228. 

Iron has four stable isotopes, Fe (5.8%), Fe (91.7%), Fe (2.2%), and Fe (0.3%). The radioactive iron isotope is Fe, which could easily be generated by nuclear reactors. The abundances and concentrations of stable iron isotopes could be determined by various isotope analytical methods. Several analytical approaches have been used in recent years for the determination of stable isotopes of minerals. These methods include NAA, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), electron impact mass spectrometry (EIMS), and magnetic sector, thermal... 

Akatsuka, K., McLaren, J.W., Lam,J.W,and Berman, S. S. (1992). Determination of iron and ten other trace elements in the ocean seawater reference material NASS-3 by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.J.Anal.At. Spectrom. 7(6), 889-894. 

Coedo, A. G., Lopez, T. D, and Alguacil, F. (1996). On-line ion-exchange separation and determination of niobium, tantalum, tungsten, zirconium and hafnium in high-purity iron by flow injection inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta 315(3), 331. 

Hughes, D. M., Gregoire, D. C., Naka, H., and Chakrabarti, C. L. (1998). Determination of trace amounts of phosphorus in high purity iron by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Spectrochim.Acta, Part B 53(6-8), 1079. 

Laly, S., Nakagawa, K., Arimura.T, and Kimijima,T. (1996). Optimization of electrothermal vaporization, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry conditions for the determination of iron, copper, nickel and zinc in semiconductor grade acids. Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 51(11), 1393. 

Vanhaecke, E,Vandecasteele, C., and Dams, R. (1992). Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the determination of aluminium, calcium, chlorine, iron, magnesium, manganese and sodium in fresh water. Anal. Lett. 25(5), 919-936. 

Yan, X.-E, Hendry, M. J., and Kerrich, R. (2000). Speciation of dissolved iron(III) and iron(II) in water by on-line coupling of flow injection separation and preconcentration with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, zlnu/. Chem. 72(8), 1879. 

Yokoi,K.,Alcock, N.W., and Sandstead, H. H. (1994). Co-occurrence of iron deficiency and mild zinc deficiency in the US women. Application of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry for nutritional science. Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi 49(1), 8-04. 

Hirata, T. and Ohno, T. (2001) In-situ isotopic ratio analysis of iron using lasa- ablation-multiple collector-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS). J. Anal. At. Spectrum., 16(5), 487-91. 

Mykytiuk et al. [184] have described a stable isotope dilution sparksource mass spectrometric method for the determination of cadmium, zinc, copper, nickel, lead, uranium, and iron in seawater, and have compared results with those obtained by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry. These workers found that to achieve the required sensitivity it was necessary to preconcentrate elements in the seawater using Chelex 100 [121] followed by evaporation of the desorbed metal concentrate onto a graphite or silver electrode for isotope dilution mass spectrometry. 

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