Iron in oxides

Hernandez, L.A., Grisham, M.B. and Granger, D.N. (1987). A role for iron in oxidant-mediated ischaemic injury to intestinal microvasculature. Am. J. Physiol. 253, G49-G53. 

Gilmour, P.S. et al. (1997) Free radical activity of industrial fibers role of iron in oxidative stress and activation of transcription factors. Environmental Health Perspectives, 105, 1313-1317. 

Thermal decomposition of iron(in) sulfate yields iron(in) oxide with evolution of sulfur trioxide ... 

Fig. 136. Quartz tube for preparing macrocrystalline iron(in) oxide...

Table 7. Oxidation state of the iron in oxidized bacterial and plant ferredoxin in the presence and absence of p-chloromercuriphenyl sulfonic acid (PCMS)...

Write the formula for each of the following compounds (a) aluminum hydride, (b) calcium chloride, (c) lithium oxide, (d) silver nitrate, (e) iron(II) sulfite, (f) aluminum chloride, (g) ammonium carbonate, (h) zinc sulfate, (/) iron(in) oxide, (/) sodium phosphate, k) iron(ni) acetate, (/) ammonium chloride, and (m) copper(I) cyanide. 

Virgo, D., and B. O. Mysen (1985). The structural state of iron in oxidized... 

In this section, electrodes with relatively pure films of hexacyanoferrate(II/III) salts will be considered. They can be produced by a variety of means. In one series of experiments, graphite electrodes were treated with Fe(CO)5 in a glow discharge, after which the electrode surface contained iron(in) oxides and carboxylates (from oxidation of carbon monoxide). When the electrode is placed in aqueous K4[Fe(CN)6] the [Fe(CN)g] couple is attached. The film is stable over many thousand electrochemical cycles and colour changes corresponding to those shown in equation (36) are noted. 

The cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase system. P-4503+ Cytochrome P-450 with heme iron in oxidized state (Fe3+) P-45021 cytochrome P-450 with iron in reduced state S substrate e electron. (Adapted from J. A. Trimbell, 1982. Principles of Biochemical Toxicology. Taylor Francis, London.)... 

In some cases reduction of ferric iron can be accomplished by enzymically utilizing electrons from NADH and, to a lesser extent, NADPH through an enzymic system associated with both the sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Ferrous iron can activate molecular oxygen by producing superoxide. Superoxide may then undergo dismutation spontaneously or by the action of SOD and produce the hydrogen peroxide that can interact with another atom of ferrous iron to produce the hydroxyl radical. The hydroxyl radical can initiate lipid oxidation. It is generally accepted that ferrous iron is the reactive form of iron in oxidation reaction. Since it is likely that most iron ordinarily exists in the cell as ferric iron, the ability to reduce ferric to ferrous iron is critical. 

The Fe + ions can migrate from the anode through the solution toward the cathode region, where they combine with OH ions to form iron(II) hydroxide. Iron is further oxidized by O2 to the +3 oxidation state. The material we call rust is a complex hydrated form of iron(in) oxides and hydroxides with variable water composition it can be represented as Fe203 -xH20. The overall reaction for the rusting of iron is... 

Lycourghiotis, A. et al.. Preparation and characterization of iron(in) oxide supported alumina catalyst. Rev. Chim. Mineral. 19, 139, 1982. 

In line with this exclusion of ligands, anions such as F", Ck, CN , and Na" do not have access to the heme iron in oxidized cytochrome c. This could arise from steric hindrance around the heme, from a local concentration of positively charged side chains, or an especially hydrophobic environment for the iron, and the authors favor the latter 44 ) In contrast to this closed-heme pocket picture of the oxidized molecule, and to the behavior of reduced eukaryotic c, reduced c does bind carbon monoxide at physiological pH. Either the c molecule opens up slightly upon reduction or the CO molecule can slip into a hydrophobic pocket that charged anions cannot enter. 

Hydrous iron(in) oxide is readily soluble in acids but also to a slight extent also in strong bases. When concentrated solutions of strontium or barium hydroxide are boiled with ferric perchlorate, the hexahydroxo-ferrates(in), M3[Fe(OH)6]2, are obtained as white crystalline powders. With alkali-metal hydroxides, substances of composition IV FeOz can be obtained these can also be made by fusion of Fe203 with the alkali-metal hydroxide or carbonate in the proper stoichiometric proportion. Moderate concentrations of what is presumably the [Fe(OH)6]3 ion can be maintained in strongly basic solutions. 

PHOTOLUMINESCENCE EXCITATION SPECTROSCOPY OF ERBIUM INCORPORATED WITH IRON IN OXIDIZED POROUS SILICON... 

Since a main objective of the test is to differentiate between Fe + and Fe ", and since this is obtained by using Fe and Fe + reagents, it is important to recapitulate how these compoxmds are named. Iron in oxidation level two, Fe ", is called iron(ll), and its salts are called ferro compoxmds (e.g., potassium ferrocyanide) or ferrate(ll) compounds (hexacyanoferrate(ll)). Iron in oxidation level three, Fe , is called iron(lll), and its salts are called ferri compoxmds (e.g., potassium ferricyanide) or ferrate(lll) compoxmds (hexa-cyanoferrate(lll)). 

RED BURNT SIENNA BURNT UMBER CALCOTONERED COLCOTHAR COLLOIDAL FERRIC OXIDE FERRIC OXIDE INDIAN RED IRON(in) OXIDE IRON OXIDE RED IRON SESQUIOXIDE JEWELER S ROUGE MARS BROWN MARS RED NATURAL IRON OXIDES NATURAL RED OXIDE OCHRE PRUSSIAN BROWN RED IRON OXIDE RED OCHRE ROUGE RUBIGO SIENNA SYNTHETIC IRON OXIDE VENETIAN RED VITRIOL RED YELLOW OXIDE OF IRON... 

Even those ionic oxides that are insoluble in water tend to dissolve in strong acids. Iron(in) oxide, for example, dissolves in acids ... 

In the thermite reaction, aluminum powder is reacted with iron(III) oxide to form elemental iron and aluminum oxide. The reaction produces an extremely large amount of energy in the form of heat, making it useful both as a dramatic chemistry lecture demonstration and in the welding of railroad tracks. If 20.0 g of A1 powder are reacted with 50.0 g of iron(in) oxide, what mass (in grams) of Fe will be produced, assuming that at least one of the reactants is completely used up. 

About half of the hydrochloric acid produced annually in the United States (3.0 billion pounds) is used in metal pickling. This process involves the removal of metal oxide layers from metal surfaces to prepare them for coating, (a) Write the overall and net ionic equations for the reaction between iron(in) oxide, which represents the rust layer over iron, and HCl. Identify the Brpnsted acid and Br0nsted base, (b) Hydrochloric acid is also used to remove scale (which is mostly CaC03) from water... 

Iron corrodes in air and moisture to hydrated iron(in) oxide (rust). 

---