Ionizing radiation X-rays

Ionizing radiation (X-rays, a, / , y) Cathode rays (electron beams) Electric field... 

Mohan Rao, P.K. Biological effects of combination treatments with ionizing radiation (X-rays) and diethyl sulfate (dES) in barley. Mutat. Res. 16 322-327, 1972. 

The commonly used radioisotopes emit j3-particles (electrons H, C, 2p) oj- gamma, ionizing radiation (X-ray) and electrons... 

It is of note that this considerable reliance on laboratory animal data for risk assessment purposes for enviromnental chemicals is in sharp contrast to the situation with ionizing radiation. The cancer risk estimates for ionizing radiation (X rays and y rays) are based to a very great extent on human tumor data obtained from the Life Stage Study (LSS) of the atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan... 

It is well known that hydrogen peroxide decomposes under the influence of ionizing radiations (x-rays, y-rays, etc.), but hardly any quantitative data are available at present except for the decomposition by x-rays in dilute aqueous solutions (34,35). 

If ionizing radiation (X-ray or particle radiation) directly hits a strand of DNA, most probably one of the DNA strands breaks. To obtain a double strand break by the same particle, one would need the second break in the neighborhood of the first one (otherwise repair enzymes would rebuild at least one of the first strands). On the other hand as the experimental number of double strand breaks versus dosage curves show, the linear term is dominant in their mathematical expression.170 This means that the double strand break is caused by a single particle (or by the secondary particles caused by it). On the other hand it is unprobable, from scattering theoretical considerations, that a particle will be scattered inelastically (after a strand break) with a very small space angle (the corresponding cross section is very small) so as to reach the second strand very near to the first one.171... 

Which are classified as ionizing radiation X-rays, alpha particles, microvraves fiom a cell phone, and gamma rays ... 

Radiolysis with ionizing radiation (X-rays and y-rays)... 

Ionizing radiation (x-rays, electron beams, gamma radiation, and so on) is less selective. It leads to a random cleavage of the DNA chains. 

In the early stages of ESR application to polymer research, many studies on the identification of free radicals produced by irradiation with ionizing radiation, x-ray, and ultraviolet light were made. Some of the irradiation effects in polymeric materials were considered to originate from the radical processes and, therefore, clear identification of the radicals trapped in irradiated polymers was one of the most important problems at that stage. In this meaning, ESR application was considered to be a very convenient technique for this purpose, because detection and identification of the free radicals bearing unpaired electrons in principle can be done easily by the ESR method without any chemical modification of the materials. 

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