Space angle

Helicene Space Angle between Torsion angle over Shortest non- Special remarks Ref. 

Rotation in Space Angle Close to Spherical Angle... 

In an experiment, we can monitor the number of product molecules, C or D, emerging in a space angle dFl around the direction Q polar angles 9 and ). This is the simplest analysis of a scattering process, where we just count the number of product molecules independent of their internal state... 

Differential dvcdn) Ml Vc n) area/ (speed x space angle)... 

The differential cross-section d/i/dfl is not invariant when we change the description from one coordinate system to another. Clearly, due to the relation in Eq. (4.55) a change in y will not lead to the same change in 0 and the space angle d 2c.m. = si n ydycif/) is not identical to the space angle dfl = sin GdGd in the laboratory frame. Thus,... 

In an experiment, the parameters 6, , r), , and b used above to specify the initial coordinates and momenta cannot be controlled. The observed result therefore represents an average over the various parameters. Assume, for a moment, that the impact parameter b is under experimental control, and consider the probability of reaction Pn(b v,n, J) with the molecule in the (n,./) quantum state, relative speed v, and impact parameter b. The experimental value of the reaction probability is an average over the parameters 9, , 77, and . Since all orientations of the BC molecule, as given by the space angle dPl = sin OdOdxp, and all angles r/ between 0 and 2n are equally probable, like all values of between 0 and 1, the average may be written as... 

The differential cross-section is not invariant when we change our description from one coordinate system to another, since the space angle dQ, is not. To find a relation between the differential cross-section in the laboratory coordinate system, (da/dQ.)iab, and in the center-of-mass coordinate system, (da/d l)c.m., we write... 

Toothed Rotor Stator Mills. Rotor-stator mills (Fig. 8.4a) consist of a rotating shaft (rotor), with by an axially fixed concentric stator. Toothed rotor-stator mills have one or more rows of intermeshing teeth on both the rotor and the stator with a small gap between the rotor and stator. Variations in the number of teeth, teeth spacing, angle of incidence, etc., all impact the milling efficiency of toothed rotor-stator mills. 

The number of photons entering the monochromator is determined by the space angle of observation and in its turn determines the flux at the entrance collimator Oen) as ... 

If ionizing radiation (X-ray or particle radiation) directly hits a strand of DNA, most probably one of the DNA strands breaks. To obtain a double strand break by the same particle, one would need the second break in the neighborhood of the first one (otherwise repair enzymes would rebuild at least one of the first strands). On the other hand as the experimental number of double strand breaks versus dosage curves show, the linear term is dominant in their mathematical expression.170 This means that the double strand break is caused by a single particle (or by the secondary particles caused by it). On the other hand it is unprobable, from scattering theoretical considerations, that a particle will be scattered inelastically (after a strand break) with a very small space angle (the corresponding cross section is very small) so as to reach the second strand very near to the first one.171... 

Fig. 3. Configuration of outer-sphere complex (MA, H2P) preceding the insertion of the metal. Space angle indicated about 4yt/50...

The optimization of the signal/noise ratio is very important in AFS. In non-dispersive equipment, the intensity of the signal is directly proportional to the intensity of the incident beam, space angle, quantum yield, and transmission efficiency of the optics. The last factor may be improved by using mirrors because no colour deflections occur, unlike the case of lenses. 

Imagine a monomeric group (AB in Fig. 2) fixed in space. Then the orientation of the next monomeric group, although not determined completely, will be restricted to a relatively small region of space angles. 

Rgure 3 Light energy predicted over 140° of log-spaced angle. Plotted with log-spaced size range 0.1-2000 gm. The vertical axis represents the energy recorded by an idealized detector. 

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