Ionizing radiation chemical protection from

Since 1925, The International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements at Bethesda, Maryland has been publishing reports updating the definitions and units for measurements of various radiation-related quantities. Of these ICRU Reports, special mention may be made of reports no. 19 (1971) [radiation quantities and units], 33 (1980) [radiation quantities and units], 36 (1983) [microdosimetry], 47 (1992) [thermoluminiscent dosimetry], and 51 (1993) [radiation protection dosimetry]. A succinct description of various devices used in dosimetry, such as ionization chambers, chemical and solid-state dosimeters, and personnel (pocket) dosimeters, will be found in Spinks and Woods (1990). In this section, we will only consider some chemical dosimeters in a little detail. For a survey of the field the reader is referred to Kase et at, (1985, 1987), McLaughlin (1982), and to the International Atomic Energy Agency (1977). Of the earlier publications, many useful information can still be gleaned from Hine and Brownell (1956), Holm and Berry (1970), and Shapiro (1972). 

From studies of human populations exposed to certain chemicals, available data are sufficient to characterize the dose-incidence relationships for some types of cancer at high dose levels. However, as in the case of ionizing radiation, the data are not sufficient to define the dose-incidence relationships precisely for any form of cancer over a wide range of doses and dose rates. Therefore, the probability of cancer induction that may be associated with low doses of chemicals that would be of primary concern in protection of public health can be estimated only by interpolation and extrapolation of data at higher doses and dose rates, based on assumptions about the dose-incidence relationships and mechanisms of toxicity. For the few chemicals for which incidence data are available over a range of doses, the dose-incidence relationship is not inconsistent with linearity, but this result does not constitute proof of linearity. 

Safety gloves are designed to protect the hands from injuries caused hy mechanical, chemical, or thermal attack as well as those caused by micro-organisms or ionizing radiation. 

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