Ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometr

Hofstadler, S. A., Severs, J. C., Smith, R. D., Swanek, F. D., and Ewing, A. G. (1996). High performance Eourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometric detection for capillary electrophoresis. /. High Res. Chromatogr. 19, 617—621. 

Wang, F. Li, W. Emmett, M.R. Marshall, A.G. Corson, D. Sykes, B.D. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometric detection of small Ca +-induced conformational changes in the regulatory domain of human cardiac troponin C. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 1999, 10, 703—710. 

Herniman, J. M., Bristow, T. W. T., O Connor, G., Jarvis, J., and Langley, G. J. (2004). Improved precision and accuracy for high-performance liquid chromatography/Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometric exact mass measurement of small molecules from the simultaneous and controlled introduction of internal calibrants via a second electrospray nebuliser. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 18 3035-3040. 

Wigger, M. Eyler, J.R. Benner, S.A. Li, W. Marshall, A.G. Fourier Transform-Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometric Resolution, Identification, and Screening of Non-Covalent Complexes of Hck Src Homology 2 Domain Receptor and Ligands from a 324-Member Peptide Combinatorial Library, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 13, 1162-1169 (2002). 

Wood, T.D., Van Cleef, G.W, Mearini, M.A., Coe, J.V., Marshall, A.G. (1993) Formation of giant fuUerene gas-phase ions (C2o", 60 2n 500) laser desorption/electron ionization Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometric evidence. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 7, 304-311. 

The development of mass spectrometric techniques, such as fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS), ° ° Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS), ° and tandem mass spectrometry (MS"), ° allowed enantiodiscrimination of chiral ion-dipole complexes the gas phase. These techniques and others will be illustrated in detail in the next Section 3. 

Basic investigations in mass spectrometry39,40 continue to influence instrumental developments. The first application in ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ICR-MS) was described by Sommer, Thomas and Hippie in 1949.41 Free radicals were also mass spectrometrically studied by... 

In 1974, Comarisov and Marshall60 developed Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS). This technique allows mass spectrometric measurements at ultrahigh mass resolution (R = 100000-1000000), which is higher than that of any other type of mass spectrometer and has the highest mass accuracy at attomole detection limits. FTICR-MS is applied today together with soft ionization techniques, such as nano ESI (electrospray ionization) or MALDI (matrix assisted laser/desorption ionization) sources. 

Wu SL, Jardine I, Hancock WS, Karger BL. A new and sensitive on-line liquid chroma-tography/mass spectrometric approach for top-down protein analysis the comprehensive analysis of human growth hormone in an E. coli lysate using a hybrid linear ion trap/Fou-rier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. Rapid Commun Mass Speetrom. 2004 18 2201-7. 

The ion-molecule reactions of collisionally relaxed NH2 at 297 to 300 K in the gas phase with inorganic compounds are summarized in Table 20 and those with organoelement compounds in Table 21. The reactions were analyzed with a mass spectrometer [1, 2] in earlier experiments and later by Fourier transform (ion cyclotron resonance) mass spectrometry [3 to 7]. In other, more recent investigations, the flowing afterglow technique was applied and occasionally the newer selected-ion flow tube (SIFT) technique [8, 9], where the NHJ formed is separated from the other ions before the reaction. The methods allow the mass spectrometric identification of the anions only the other products have to be deduced from the mass balance. 

The reactivity of size-selected transition-metal cluster ions has been studied witli various types of mass spectrometric teclmiques [1 ]. Fourier-transfonn ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) is a particularly powerful teclmique in which a cluster ion can be stored and cooled before experimentation. Thus, multiple reaction steps can be followed in FT-ICR, in addition to its high sensitivity and mass resolution. Many chemical reaction studies of transition-metal clusters witli simple reactants and hydrocarbons have been carried out using FT-ICR [49, 58]. 

The result of the Back-to-Basics series is an accumulation of some 50 separate but interrelated expositions of mass spectrometric principles and apparatus. Some areas of mass spectrometry, such as ion cyclotron resonance and ion trap instruments, have not been covered except for passing references. This decision has not been due to any bias by the authors or Micromass but simply reflects the large amount of writing that had to be done and the needs of the greatest proportion of users. 

Alternative approaches consist in heat extraction by means of thermal analysis, thermal volatilisation and (laser) desorption techniques, or pyrolysis. In most cases mass spectrometric detection modes are used. Early MS work has focused on thermal desorption of the additives from the bulk polymer, followed by electron impact ionisation (El) [98,100], Cl [100,107] and field ionisation (FI) [100]. These methods are limited in that the polymer additives must be both stable and volatile at the higher temperatures, which is not always the case since many additives are thermally labile. More recently, soft ionisation methods have been applied to the analysis of additives from bulk polymeric material. These ionisation methods include FAB [100] and LD [97,108], which may provide qualitative information with minimal sample pretreatment. A comparison with FAB [97] has shown that LD Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (LD-FTTCR) is superior for polymer additive identification by giving less molecular ion fragmentation. While PyGC-MS is a much-used tool for the analysis of rubber compounds (both for the characterisation of the polymer and additives), as shown in Section 2.2, its usefulness for the in situ in-polymer additive analysis is equally acknowledged. 

Nevertheless, even with accurate mass measurement by Q-TOF, LTQ-Orbitrap, or LTQ-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (LTQ-FTICR) MS, it is not always possible to fully characterize certain metabolites based solely on mass spectrometric... 

The gas phase acid/base properties of molecules have been subject to equilibrium or bracketing measurements employing mass spectrometric techniques like ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) [4], Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) [5,6], Flowing afterglow (FA) and Selected ion flow tube (SIFT) [7], and high pressure mass spectrometry (HPMS) [8]. Proton transfer between neutral molecules are then investigated by measurements of reactions... 

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