Iodine actions/effects

The scavenging effect of halogen radicals were also used to justify iodine action ... 

Method, Formaldehyde may be estimated in solution by oxidising it to formic acid by means of a known quantity (in excess) of iodine dissolved in a excess of NaOH solution. The oxidation is, in effect, carried out by the odium hypo-iodite formed by the action of the iodine on the alkali, the formic cid being then neutralised by the alkali present ... 

The use of iodotrimethylsilane for this purpose provides an effective alternative to known methods. Thus the reaction of primary and secondary methyl ethers with iodotrimethylsilane in chloroform or acetonitrile at 25—60° for 2—64 hours affords the corresponding trimethylsilyl ethers in high yield. The alcohols may be liberated from the trimethylsilyl ethers by methanolysis. The mechanism of the ether cleavage is presumed to involve initial formation of a trimethylsilyl oxonium ion which is converted to the silyl ether by nucleophilic attack of iodide at the methyl group. tert-Butyl, trityl, and benzyl ethers of primary and secondary alcohols are rapidly converted to trimethylsilyl ethers by the action of iodotrimethylsilane, probably via heterolysis of silyl oxonium ion intermediates. The cleavage of aryl methyl ethers to aryl trimethylsilyl ethers may also be effected more slowly by reaction with iodotrimethylsilane at 25—50° in chloroform or sulfolane for 12-125 hours, with iodotrimethylsilane at 100—110° in the absence of solvent, " and with iodotrimethylsilane generated in situ from iodine and trimcthylphenylsilane at 100°. ... 

The oxidation with CPBA at 0 °C in CH2CI2 does not effect removal of tert-hutyl protecting groups [39]. Classic iodine/water oxidation system is not suitable, because it causes extensive tert-hutyl cleavage [39]. Finally tert-hutyl protective groups are removed by the action of trifluoroacetic acid TEA. This procedure is complementary to the one in Example 12. 

Amiodarone (Cordarone) is an iodine-containing benzo-furan derivative identified as a class III agent because it predominantly prolongs action potentials. Amiodarone also blocks sodium and calcium channels and is a noncompetitive p-receptor blocker. Amiodarone is effective for the treatment of most arrhythmias. Toxicity associated with amiodarone has led the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to recommend that it be reserved for use in patients with life-threatening arrhythmias. 

Mechanism of Action A thioimidazole derivative that inhibits synthesis of thyroid hormone by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues. Thera-peuticEffect Effectively treats hyperthyroidism by decreasingthyroid hormone levels. Pharmacohinetics Rapid absorption following PO administration. Protein binding Not significant. Widely distributed throughout the body. Metabolized in liver. Excreted in urine. Half-life 5-6 hr. 

Mecfianism of Action A thiourea derivative that blocks oxidation of iodine in the thyroid gland and blocks synthesis of thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Therapeutic Effect Inhibits synthesis of thyroid hormone. 

In the USA, amiodarone is approved for oral and intravenous use to treat serious ventricular arrhythmias. However, the drug is also highly effective for the treatment of supraventricular arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation. As a result of its broad spectrum of antiarrhythmic action, it is very extensively used for a wide variety of arrhythmias. Amiodarone has unusual pharmacokinetics and important extracardiac adverse effects. Dronedarone, an analog that lacks iodine atoms, is under investigation. 

Sea animals are rich in soluble dietary fibers, proteins, minerals, vitamins, antioxidants, phytochemicals, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, with low caloric value. Polysaccharides from marine animals have been reported to possess biological activities with potential medicinal values in addition to their current status as a source of dietary fibers and prebiotics. Moreover, they have a lot of dietary fiber, which lowers blood cholesterol, and iodine, which improves metabolism, vascular and cardiac action, body temperature, and perspiration regulation, and are effective in... 

A substance which in the free state resists as effectively as does bromine all attempts to decompose it, which is expelled by chlorine from all its compounds possessed of exactly its original properties, which when allowed to act on compounds containing iodine substitutes itself in every ease for the latter element to play a similar part in the new products, and which, in spite of some differences of action, is connected with both chlorine and iodine... 

S. Landau and E. Stenz examined the effect of low temp, and dissociation on the fluorescence of iodine vapour at low press. Fluorescence decreases as the temp, is raised, but does not cease at 800°. Dissociation destroys both fluorescence and the resonance spectra. It is therefore inferred that the complex vibrating system is not inherent in the atom, but in the molecule that the structure of the atom is relatively simple and that, in all probability, the absorption lines which are so characteristic of diatomic iodine and so sensitive to the action of monochromatic light, do not belong to the absorption spectrum of monatomic iodine. 

W. Steubing found that the intensity of the fluorescence of iodine vapour is weakened between the poles of a powerful electromagnet. The result has nothing to do with the Zeeman effect, and has no connection with effects produced by admixture with gases, solvents, etc. It is produced by a direct action of the magnetic field on the electrons causing the band spectrum weakening the individual vibrations. 

According to C. F. Barwald and A. Monheim (1835), the decomposition is accelerated by the presence of organic substances. J. Milbauer tried the effect of thirty-two metal chlorides of sodium tungstate and molybdate of uranyl sulphate and of sulphuric, selenic, arsenic, and boric acids on the photo-decomposition of chlorine water, and found. that none accelerated but that most retarded the action. Chlorine catalyzes the decomposition of bromine water and bromine, chlorine water while iodine does not accelerate, but rather retards the reaction, probably by forming relatively stable iodine compounds. A. Bcnrath and H. Tuchel found the temp, coeff. of the velocity of the reaction with chlorine water between 5° and 30° increases in the ratio 1 1 395 per 10°. 

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