Iodine effect

Iodine is enriched to a greater extent in chromatogram zones coated with lipophilic substances than it is in a hydrophilic environment. Hence, iodine is only physically dissolved or adsorbed. Occasionally a chemical reaction also takes place, such as, for example, with estrone [19] (cf. Iodine Reagents ). In general it may be said that the longer the iodine effect lasts the more oxidations, additions or electrophilic substitutions are to be expected. 

Beattie, I.R., Ozin, G.A., and Perry, R.O., Gas phase Raman spectra of P4, P2, As4 and As2. Resonance fluorescence spectrum of 80Se2. Resonance fluores-cence-Raman effects in the gas-phase spectra of sulfur and iodine. Effect of pressure on the depolarization ratios for iodine,. Chem. Soc., Perkin I, 2071, 1970. 

Potassium iodine tablets can be used to reduce radioactive iodine exposure to the thyroid gland. According to the National Council of Radiation Protection and Measurement (NCRP), taking 130 milligrams of potassium iodine at or before exposure to radioactive iodine effectively blocks nearly 100% of radioactive iodine from reaching the thyroid.1 Waiting 4 hours after exposure to take potassium iodine... 

Burman KD and Wartofsky L. Iodine effects on the thyroid gland Biochemical and clinical aspects. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2000 l(l-2) 19-25. 

Oxidative dimerization of allylic sulfones.1 This oxidant is the reagent of choice for coupling of allylic sulfones to 1,6-disulfones by [3-3 ]coupling. Iodine effects coupling to 1,2-disulfones. 

Chemical Properties.—Both chlorine and fluorine attack palladium at high temperatures, yielding the respective halogenides. Chlorine water attacks it slowly, and an alcoholic solution of iodine effects the formation of a superficial layer of palladous iodide. Iodine vapour tarnishes the metal, yielding the iodide, whilst gently heating iodine and finely divided palladium causes them to unite more or less imperfectly. 

Practically all iodine from spent fuel will be released upon dissolution with the dissolver off-gas. There are several scrubbing techniques that remove iodine effectively from the off-gas but do not yield a stable product for long-term disposal. 

Iodooxazoles. After lithiai treatment with iodine effects iodinai Eliminations. Double elimm alkynes, while propargylic bromidi furnish enediynes. ... 

Iodooxazoles. After lithiation of oxazoles with LHMDS at C-2, subsequent treatment with iodine effects iodination at C-4. 

Dioxins, PCBs and Iodine Effects on Synthesis and Metabolism of the Iodine Containing Thyroid Hormones... 

I. Pharmacology. Iodine-131 is a product of fission reactions and is likely to be a major form of internal radioactive contamination following a major nuclear reactor accident or weapon detonation. Potassium iodide (Kl) serves to block thyroid gland uptake of the radioactive isotopes of iodine (to prevent thyroid cancer) by both diluting the radioactive iodine as well as filling the gland with nontoxic iodine, effecting inhibition of further uptake. For optimal protection, Kl should be administered before or at the time of exposure to inhaled radioactive iodines however, Kl may be initiated up to 3 or 4 hours after exposure. If the exposure to radioactive iodines persists, then even later administration may be of benefit. 

Surfaces exposed to solutions in the containment may be painted or bare steel. Most painted surfaces or clean steel surfaces in contact with water are not good iodine absorbers. Several studies have shown, however, that the zinc primer used to protect carbon steel in containment from corrosion can absorb iodine effectively from solutions at high pH (pH 9-10). The detailed mechanism of iodine absorption on zinc primer surfaces has not been identified. It has been proposed that the metallic zinc in the coating is oxidised by dissolved oxygen in water to form various divalent, insoluble complexes, and that iodide ion, I, may be incorporated in these complexes. The solubilities of the divalent zine complexes depend on pH and the minimum solubilities are in the range of pH = 9.3 to 9.7. At higher and lower values of pH, reactions of iodide ion with zinc primers would be less effective at mitigating the production of molecular iodine. 

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