Iodide chloride

Iodide ion Alkyl chloride Alkyl iodide Chloride or... 

Jodid, n. iodide (esp., an -ic iodide, as contrasted with Jodtir). -chlorid, n. iodochlo-ride, iodide chloride,... 

The complexation of anionic species by tetra-bridged phosphorylated cavitands concerns mainly the work of Puddephatt et al. who described the selective complexation of halides by the tetra-copper and tetra-silver complexes of 2 (see Scheme 17). The complexes are size selective hosts for halide anions and it was demonstrated that in the copper complex, iodide is preferred over chloride. Iodide is large enough to bridge the four copper atoms but chloride is too small and can coordinate only to three of them to form the [2-Cu4(yU-Cl)4(yU3-Cl)] complex so that in a mixed iodide-chloride complex, iodide is preferentially encapsulated inside the cavity. In the [2-Ag4(//-Cl)4(yU4-Cl)] silver complex, the larger size of the Ag(I) atom allowed the inner chloride atom to bind with the four silver atoms. The X-ray crystal structure of the complexes revealed that one Y halide ion is encapsulated in the center of the cavity and bound to 3 copper atoms in [2-Cu4(//-Cl)4(//3-Cl)] (Y=C1) [45] or to 4 copper atoms in [2-Cu4(/U-Cl)4(/U4-I)] (Y=I) and to 4 silver atoms in [2-Ag4(/i-Cl)4(/i4-Cl)] [47]. NMR studies in solution of the inclusion process showed that multiple coordination types take place in the supramolecular complexes. 

Fluoride Chloride Bromide Iodide Chloride Bromide Iodide... 

Iodide, chloride, bromide, chlorate, bromate and iodate... 

Salov et al. [341] determined iodide, chloride, bromide, chlorate, bromate and iodate in potable water by high performance liquid chromatography with an inductively coupled argon plasma mass spectrometric detector. 

A notable feature in all these coupling protocols is that the coupling rates of iron-phosphorus systems, of the (salen)iron complex 5, the Fe(acac)3 catalyst, and catalyst 10 with respect to the alkyl halide are rather uncommonly bromide> iodide>chloride (entries 3, 4, 9, 13), whereas the reactivity order for iron-amine catalyst systems is iodide>bromide>chloride (entries 1, 5, 6). 

The original procedure involved the coupling of aryl bromides with secondary amines. However, since then the scope has been expanded to include substrates such as aryl iodides, chlorides, fluorides, triflates, tosylates, nonaflates, iodonium salts, and even boronic acids. While the reaction has not been extensively utilized with vinyl or alkynyl substrates, it can be performed with various heteroaryl halides. Similarly, numerous types of nitrogen-containing coupling partners, including primary amines, imines, various azoles, lactams, and simple amides, can now be used in this reaction. 

Dithiazolium 5-Allylamino-3-amino- -iodid (chlorid, bromid) E8d, 26 (R-NH-CS-NH-CS-NH2/Ox.)... 

Curve A in Figure 13-6, which is the titration curve for the chloride/iodide mixture just considered, is a composite of the individual curves for the two anionic species. Two equivalence points are evident. Curve B is the titration curve for a mixture of bromide and chloride ions. Clearly, the change associated with the first equivalence point becomes less distinct as the solubilities of the two precipitates approach one another. In the bromide/chloride titration, the initial pAg values are lower than they are in the iodide/chloride titration because the solubility of silver bromide exceeds that of silver iodide. Beyond the first equivalence point, however, where chloride ion is being titrated, the two titration curves are identical. 

Iodides by treatment with sodium iodide in acetone. Nal is soluble in Iodide ion Alkyl chloride Alkyl iodide Chloride or... 

Preparation and saponijicafion of hindered esiers. Mesilotc acid can be es (erified in virtually quantitative yield by reaction with an alkyl iodide, chloride, or suUate and powdered KOH (2.S equW.) containing - 15% water and 2% Aliquat 336 in the absence of a solvent. The same system but with S.O equiv. of KOII and temperatures of 85 effects saponification of alkyl rncsiloates in high yield. 

Bromination of DL-laudanosine with bromine in glacial acetic acid furnished 6 -bromo-DL-laudanosine. A chlorine atom could be introduced into the same position by treatment with sulfuryl chloride and pyridine, or phenyl iodide chloride. The position of the bromine atom W as determined by degradation to 6-bromoveratraldehyde and an amino aldehyde which also results from DL-laudanosine by the same series of steps. 

Starting from 6-monotosyl CyD, many derivatives can be obtained, including aldehyde [19], iodide, chloride, azide, amino-, and alkyldiamino-CyDs. Dimeric yS-CyD receptors were synthesized from mono-6-iodo-CyD with a dithiol core, and they have potential as selective receptors of a-helical peptides [20]. Fullerene derivatives bearing a-, and y-CyD units were synthesized by the reaction of C o and peracetylated CyD 6-azides [21]. From 6-monoazide-yS-peracetylated CyD or... 

The most important representative of cyclic iodonium salts, the dibenziodolium or diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) cation 238, known in the form of iodide, chloride, hydrosulfate, hexafluorophosphate, or tetrafluoroborate salts, can be obtained by three different procedures (A, B and C) summarized in Scheme 2.71. Method A, originally developed by Mascarelli and Benati in 1909 [355], uses 2,2 -diaminodiphenyl (235) as the starting material, which upon diazotization with sodium nitrite in a hydrochloric acid solution followed by potassium iodide addition, gives DPI 238 as iodide salt. A similar reaction starting from 2-amino-2 -iododiphenyl 236 affords DPI as hexafluorophosphate or tetrafluoroborate in excellent yields (Method B) [356]. The third method involves the peracetic oxidation of 2-iodobiphenyl (237) to an iodine(III) intermediate that then cyclizes in acidic solution (Method C) [357]. More recently, these methods were used to prepare the tritium labeled DPI and of its 4-nitro derivative [358]. 

Frequencies for the iodide-bromide and iodide-chloride cases are given in Table II. 

Functionalized iminium salts 24 can be readily prepared by a number of methods and allows the reaction to be conducted at lower temperatures and in non-protic solvents thus allowing other, more sensitive active hydrogen species to participate in this reaction. These methods can include alkylation of existing imine 22, cleavage of aminals 25 or hemi-aminals 23 with acetyl chloride or trimethylsilyl iodide/chloride, or in a direct fashion from carbonyl derivative 26 with amine salts or with trimethylsilyl amines. 

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