Amino-aldehydes

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It was previously noted that superelectrophilic carboxonium ions may be generated from suitable precursors, including amino-ketones, /V-heteroaromatic ketones and aldehydes, amino-acetals, and other substrates.45 In their superacid-promoted condensation reactions, these compounds often produce ammonium-carbenium superelectrophiles as intermediates in the reactions. As an example, the amino-acetal (229) reacts with arenes in the presence of superacid to give the arylated product (231, eq 72).43... 

The electron donor/hole scavenger to be used in actinide valence control must have two properties. The first is that it is capable of undergoing an irreversible oxidation, either by valence holes formed by the photo-excitation of the semiconductor photocatalyst or by means of the hydroxide radicals generated by the oxidation of water by the same valence band holes. Suitable materials include organic acids, alcohols, aldehydes, amino acids, and hydrazine and its oxidation products, such as hydroxylamine and dihydrox-ylamine. 

Hydrazones have proven to be important synthetic intermediates that can be readily derivatized to many useful chiral blocks, including amino-aldehydes, amino-nitriles, or diamines without any racemization (Scheme 6 Pareja et al. 1999 Enders et al. 1999 Enders and Schubert 1984 Diez et al. 1998,1999 review Job et al. 2002). 

In 1915, Robinson joined J.B. W.R. Sharpe Ltd. as an analytical and research chemist. In addition, she was the works chemist responsible for transferring chemical reactions that she had devised to large-scale production. The following year, she was promoted to Chief Chemist. She left in 1920 to become Chief Chemist to Clayton Aniline Co. Ltd., where three patents were issued with her as inventor, two of which were on aldehyde-amino condensation products. She held the post at Clayton Aniline until her retirement. She died on 7 April 1962. 

Enantioselective Addition of Dialkylmagnesium to Aldehydes. Amino alcohol (1) is a chiral ligand for dialkylmagnesium reagents in the enantioselective addition to aldehydes. Reaction... 

The introduction of ion-exclusion chromatography is attributed to Wheaton and Bauman [1], It serves, above all, for the separation of weak inorganic and organic acids. In addition, ion-exclusion chromatography can be utilized for the separation of alcohols, aldehydes, amino acids, and carbohydrates. Due to Donnan exclusion, fully dissociated acids are not retained at the stationary phase, eluting therefore within the void volume as a single peak. Undissociated compounds, however, can diffuse into the pores of the resin, since they are not subject to Donnan exclusion. In this case, separations are based on non-ionic interactions between the solute and the stationary phase. 

Transferases transfer C-, N-, P-, or S-containing groups (alkyl, acyl, aldehyde, amino, phosphate, glycosyl) from one substrate to another. Transaminases, transketolases, transaldolases and transmethylases belong to this class ... 

Figure 4.24. (a) Addition to 1-naphthyloxazolines [142] (b) Addition to 2-naphthyloxazolines [142] (c) addition to 1-naphthyloxazolines lacking a chelating group [144] (d) addition to 1-naphthaldehyde imines [145] (e) addition to crotyl amino acid imines [146,147] (f) addition to cyclohexene and cyclopentene aldehyde amino acids imines [148]. 

The use and limitations of Atom Transfer Radical Coupling (ATRC) reactions including polyrecombination reactions for the preparation of telechelic polymers, segmented block copolymers, and polycondensates are presented. Specifically, the preparation of telechelic polymers with hydroxyl, aldehyde, amino and carboxylic functionalities, poly(/i-xylylene) and its block copolymers, and polyesters via ATRC process is described. The method pertains to the generation of biradicals at high concentration from polymers prepared by ATRP or specially designed brfunctional ATRP initiators. The possibility of using silane radical atom abstraction (SRAA) reactions, that can be performed photochemically in the absence of metal catalysts, as an alternative process to ATRC is also discussed. 

Saleh et al. (2012) have developed a novel and efficient three-component condensation reaction of an aldehyde, amino azoles, and p-keto sulfone for the synthesis of pyrimido[l,2-a]benzimidazoles (143) and pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines (146) under ultrasonic irradiation via utilization of P-keto sulfone as an important synthon (Schemes 8.47 and 8.48). 

Aldehyde Amino acid Amine x-Keto acid... 

From To - Alkanes Cycloalkanes Alkenes Alkynes Aryls Halogen compounds Alcohols Phenols Ethers, Quinones B. and Si compounds P and 6i compounds Nitro, Nitroso, Azo, Azoxy, Hydrazo, ides Amines Organometallic Aldehydes Ketones Acids, Anhydrides, Esters Arn.des, Amidines, Nitriles Hydroky-aldehydes Amino Heterocycles Nucleosides Miscellaneous, including heterocycles... 

Moreover, these authors described a three-component asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between aldehydes, amino esters and dipolarophiles catalysed by a new biphosphoric acid derived from (7 ,7 )-linked BINOL, furnishing multiply substituted pyrrolidines in high yields and with excellent enantioselectivities of up to 99% ee (Scheme 6.18). ... 

Other successful asymmetric organocatalytic cycloadditions were developed in the last year, such as a three-component asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between aldehydes, amino esters and dipolarophiles, which was catalysed by a new biphosphoric acid derived from (i ,/ )-linked BINOL, furnishing multiply substituted pyrrolidines in high yields and with exeellent enantioselectivities of up to 99% ee. In addition, a new class of chiral bifunctional thiourea catalysts derived from traTO-2-amino-l-(diphenylphosphino)cyclohexane was applied to a highly enantioselective synthesis of a wide range of 2-aryl-2,5-dihydropyrrole derivatives on the basis of a [3 -b 2] cycloaddition between an A-phosphinoyl imine and an allene, providing high yields combined with excellent enantioselectivities of up to 98%. 

The area of reactions of phosphate derivatives has been dominated by highly stereoselective reactions in which the latter were used as chiral catalysts or achiral reagents. Among this group of reactions, it is worthy to note several asymmetric reactions ring opening of w 50-aziridinium and episulfonium ions, addition of alcohols to imines, 1,3-dipolar addition of aldehydes, amino esters and dipolarophiles, protonation of silyl enol ethers, epoxidation of a,p-unsaturated aldehydes, aza-ene-type reactions as well as asymmetric versions of named reactions Mannich, Friedel-Crafts, Kabachnik-Fields, aza-Darzens and aza-Henry. 

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