Cuprous chloride: Copper iodide

Cupro-. cuprous, copper(I), cupro-. -chlorid, n. cuprous chloride, copper(I) chloride, -cy-aniir, n. cuprous cyanide, copper(I) cyanide cuprocyanide, cyanocuprate(I). -jodid, n. cuprous iodide, copper(I) iodide, -mangan, n. cupromanganese. -oxyd, n. cuprous oxide, copper(I) oxide, -salz, n. cuprous salt, cop-per(I) salt, -suifocyantir, n. cuprous thiocyanate, copper (I) thiocyanate, -verbin-dUDg, /. cuprous compound, copper(I) compound. 

Treatment of diazonium salts with cuprous chloride or bromide leads to aryl chlorides or bromides, respectively. In either case the reaction is called the Sandmeyer reaction The reaction can also be carried out with copper and HBr or HCl, in which case it is called the Gatterman reaction (not to be confused with 11-16). The Sandmeyer reaction is not useful for the preparation of fluorides or iodides, but for bromides and chlorides it is of wide scope and is probably the best way of introducing bromine or chlorine into an aromatic ring. The yields are usually high. 

Ores of copper native copper, cuprite, chalcocite, chalcopyrite, malachite, azurite. Metallurgy of ores containing native copper, oxide and carbonate ores, sulfide ores. Gangue, flux, flotation, roasting of ores, matte, blister copper. Cupric compounds copper sulfate (blue vitriol, bluestone), Bordeaux mixture, cupric chloride, cupric bromide, cupric hydroxide. Test for cupric ion with Fehling s solution. Cuprous compounds cuprous chloride, cuprous bromide, cuprous iodide, cuprous oxide. Covalent-bond structure of cuprous compounds. 

Introduction. In the preceding experiment it was shown that an aqueous solution of a diazonium salt treated with a solution of an alkali iodide gives iodobenzene. The replacement of the diazo group, N2X, by chlorine or bromine atoms involves the catalytic action of copper salts. Thus, benzenediazonium chloride warmed with a solution of cuprous chloride and hydrochloric acid gives chlorobenzene with cuprous bromide, bromobenzene is formed. The use of the cuprous salt is known as the Sandmeyer method. Instead of cuprous salts, finely divided copper may be used according to Gatterman s method. 

The subsequent step of the reaction, hydroxylation, is carried out directly with the reaction mixture from iodination without any interme diate isolation or other processing of the reactants or by-products. Abase, such as an alkali metal hydroxide or a quaternary amine such as tetraalkylammonium hydroxide, is added directly to the reaction mixture to make a final concentration of 0.5 to 6 molar, with 0.1 to 20 mole % copper metal, or cuprous salts such as oxide, chloride or iodide, at temperatures of from 50°-120° C. The preferred conditions art-addition of sodium hydroxide to the iodination reaction mixture to give a concentration of 2-5 molar, then addition of 1-5 mole % copper dust, cuprous oxide or cuprous chloride, then allowing reaction at reflux (100°-120° C.) for about 18 hours. 

Example 3 was also repeated using from 5 to 10 mole % of cuprous oxide, cuprous chloride, cuprous iodide and copper dust, as the catalyst for conversion of the iodovanillin to hydroxyvanillin. Recovery of 5-hydroxyvanillin was 80-85% (remainder vanillin) with copper dust, from 70-80% with the copper oxide or salts. 

Addition (See also Michael reaction. Thiele reaction.) Acrolein. Cuprous chloride. Cuprous iodide. Diethylaluminum cyanide. Difluoramine. Dimethylcopper lithium. Methyl(tri-K-butylphosphine)copper complex. Methyl vinyl ketone. Rhodium trichloride. Sulfur dichloride. 

CARBENOIDS Copper powder (salts). Cupric sulfate. Cuprous chloride. Cuprous iodide. Methyllithium. Nickel carbonyl. 

Treatment of diazonium salts with cuprous, Cu(I), salts generates aryl halides. When 398 reacts with CuCl (cuprous chloride) or CuBr (cuprous bromide), the products are chlorobenzene or bromobenzene via what is probably a radical reaction.29l jhis conversion is known as the Sandmeyer reaction. 2 The use of copper powder rather than cuprous salts for this transformation is often called the Gattermann reaction. 93,292b,c Aryl iodides are also produced from diazonium salts by reaction with potassium iodide (KI) but the actual reactive species may be l3-.294,295 Treatment of aniline derivative 403 with sodium nitrite and HCl followed by treatment with KI, for example, gave a 89% yield of 404.Aryl nitriles are generated under Sandmeyer conditions using cuprous cyanide (CuCN), as in the conversion of 405 to benzonitrile derivative 407 via diazonium chloride, 406. 

Cuprobam. See Tricopper dichloride dimethyidithiocarbamate Cuprophenyl black BWL. See Direct black 114 Cuprous bromide. See Copper bromide (ous) Cuprous chloride. See Copper chloride (ous) Cuprous cyanide. See Copper cyanide Cuprous dichloride. See Copper chloride (ous) Cuprous iodide. See Copper iodide (ous) Cuprous oxide Cuprous oxide, red Cuprous oxide, yellow. See Copper oxide (ous) Cuproxat. See Copper sulfate, tribasic... 

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