Ammonium acetate chlorides from iodide

Analogical molecular structure is possessed by other simple compounds such as potassium iodide, ammonium chloride, sodium hydroxide, barium nitrate, ammonium acetate and so on. In all these compounds there is a transfer of one or several electrons from one element to the other, positive and negative ions being thus formed, that are hold together in a crystal by electrostatic attraction. A bond of this kind is no genuine chemical bond in tbe correct meaning of the term, but is just,a result of Coulomb forces of attraction between opposite charges. 

Mercury diphenyl has been prepared in a number of ways. The most important methods are by the action of sodium on a mixture of bromobcnzene and mercuric chloride 1 from sodium amalgam and phenyl mercuric iodide 2 by the interaction of phenyl mercuric bromide and potassium sulfide2 or phenyl mercuric acetate and sodium stannite 3 from phenyl magnesium bromide and mercuric chloride 4 by the action of phenyl hydrazine on mercury compounds 5 from mercuric chloride and phenyl arsenious oxide 6 and from diphenyl mercuric ammonium acetate and sulfur compounds.7... 

This compound is formed as a white precipitate from the interaction of ammonium aci-nitro-acetate and mercuric chloride in aqueous solution. It sublimes when carefully heated, detonates when strongly heated, and when ignited burns with a luminous flame,. In bases it dissolves readily, but is almost insoluble in boiling water. Treatment with bromine in potassium bromide solution forms ethyl dibromonitro-acetate, and potassium iodide removes the mercury from the anhydride as mercuric iodide. 

Substitution of the acetate group at the C-3 position of the /3-sultam 105 can occur by reaction with silyl enol ethers in the presence of zinc iodide or zinc chloride. When the diazo compound is used, after desilylation with tetrabutyl-ammonium fluoride (TBAF), photochemical cyclization gives the bicyclic /3-sultam 106 as a mixture of two cis/ fra -diastereoisomers. When silyl enol ethers derived from cyclic ketones are used, the substitution product is stabilized by a retro-Michael-type reaction leading to open-chained sulfonamides 107 (Scheme 31) <1997LA1261>. 

Organo Vinyl Tellurium (from Vinyl Tellurium Iodides) A solution of the vinyl tellurium iodide, prepared by addition of 0.25 g (1.0 mmol) iodine in benzene to the divinyl ditelluride (1.0 mmol) in 5 ml tetrahydrofuran at 0° under nitrogen, is added dropwise to a solution of the organo magnesium bromide in 10 m/ tetrahydrofuran at 0°. The mixture is stirred at 20° for 1 h, hydrolyzed with a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride, extracted with diethyl ether, the extract dried with magnesium sulfate and evaporated. The product is chromatographed on silica gel with petroleum ether (30-60°)/ethyl acetate (9 1) as eluent. The following compounds were prepared in this manner (yields in parentheses are for the reactions with vinyl tellurium iodides) ... 

The stability of the mercurated a-naphthols to vards alkali halides decreases from the chlorides to the iodides, potassium iodide eliminating the mercury as mercuric iodide. Diacetoxymercuri-a-naphthol is stable to ammonium sulphide. 2 Acetoxymercuri-1 4-naphthoi monosuiphonic acid is very stable towards ammonium sulphide, but w hen warmed with sodium chloride in acetic acid solution, mercury is split out, and l-acetoxymercuri-2 6-naphthol sulphonic acid has similar properties. l-Acetoxymercuri-jS-naphthol is not blackened by cold ammonium sulphide, but gives mercuric sulphide on heating. 

Describe the effect on pH (increase, decrease, or no change) that results from each of the following additions (a) potassium acetate to an acetic acid solution (b) ammonium nitrate to an ammonia solution (c) sodium formate (HCOONa) to a formic acid (HCOOH) solution (d) potassium chloride to a hydrochloric acid solution (e) barium iodide to a hy-droiodic acid solution. 

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